694 THE GERMAN REFORMATION. A.D. 1517 To 15380.
Emperor in Italy, which he had heretofore opposed; the Emperor guaranteed to him the temporal possessions, with a reservation of imperial rights.
They held a personal conference at Bologna in November of that year. They were well matched in political and diplomatic shrewdness, and settled their secular disputes as well as they could. Charles was crowned Roman emperor, Feb. 24, 1530, at Bologna, the only emperor crowned outside of St. Peter’s at Rome, and the last German emperor crowned by the Pope. The dignitaries who graced the occasion were chiefly Spanish and Italian noblemen. Only one of the seven German electors was present, Philip of the Palatinate. The wooden awning which was constructed between the palace and the church of San Petronio broke down, but the Emperor > escaped an accident. Clothed in a richly jewelled robe, he was anointed with oil, and received from the bishop of Rome the crown of Charlemagne as the temporal head of Western Christendom, and swore to protect the Pope and the Roman- Catholic Church with their possessions, dignities, and rights.}
This event was the sunset of the union of the German empire with the papal theocracy.
The German electors complained that they were not invited to the coronation, nor consulted about the treaties with the Italian States, and entered a formal protest.
Early in May, 1530, the Emperor crossed the Alps on his way to the Diet of Augsburg, which was to decide the fate of Lutheranism in Germany.
1 How has the situation changed since! In the same once papal city where the Emperor was crowned by the Pope with all the splendor of the Catholic ceremonial, the eighth centennial of the University —the oldest in the world (“ Bononia docet’’?)— was celebrated June 11-13, 1888, in the presence of the King and Queen, with unbounded enthusiasm for free and united Italy, which hasshaken off the yoke of petty tyrants, and is determined to resist all attempts at a restoration of the temporal power of the papacy. The Italians are willing to take their religion from the Pope, but not their politics. Practically, church and state are almost as separate in Italy, since 1870, as in the United States,
CHAPTER IX. THE DIET AND CONFESSION OF AUGSBURG. A.D. 1530.
ὃ 117. The Diet of Augsburg.
I. Sources. Collection in WALcH, XVI. 747-2142. LutTueEer’s Letters of
11.
III.
the year 1530, in De Wette, vol. IV. MELANCHTHON’S Letters in the ‘Corpus Reformatorum,” ed. Bretschneider and Bindseil, vol. II., and documents relating to the Augsb. Conf. in vol. XXVI. SPALATIN, Annal., ed. by Cyprian, 131-289. The Roman Cath. representation: Pro Religione Christiana Res Geste in Comitiis Auguste Vindelicoruin habitis, 1530, reprinted in Cyprian’s Historie der Augsb. Conf. Brick wrote a refutation published by Férstemann, ‘‘ Archiv fiir Ref. Gesch.,”’ 1831. Collection of documents by FORSTEMANN: Urkundenbuch zu der Gesch. des Reichstages zu Augsburg in J. 1530. Halle, 1833, ᾽8ῦ, 2 vols. By the same: Neues Urkundenbuch, Hamburg, 1842. SCHIRRMACHER: Briefe und Acten zur Gesch. des Religionsgesprdchs zu Marburg, 1529, und des Reichstages zu Augsburg, 1530, nach der Handschrift des Aurifaber, Gotha, 1876.
Histories of the Augsburg Diet and Confession. See list in ‘‘ Corp. Ref.”? XXVI. 101-112. Ὁ. CoytTraus (Kochhafe): Historie der Augsb. Conf., Rostock, 1576, Fref. 1577, 1578, 1600. G. Ca@LEsTIN: Hist. Comitiorum a. 1580 Auguste celebratorum, Fref. 1577, 4 vols. fol. E. SAL. CyPRIAN: Hist. der Augsb. Conf., Gotha, 1730. Cur. A. SALIG: Historie der Augsb. Conf. und derselben Apologie, Halle, 1730-35, in 3 parts. WEBER: Vollstdndige Gesch. der Augsb. Conf., Fref. 1783-84, 2 vols. PLANCK: Gesch. des protest. Lehrbegriff’s (Leipz. 1792), vol. III. I. 1-178. FICKENSCHER: Gesch. des Reichstages zu Augsb. 1530, Nirnb. 1830. PrAFF: Gesch. des Reichstags zu Augsburg, 1530, Stuttg. 1830. Add special works on the Augsb. Conf. mentioned in § 119.
The relevant sections in the general Church Histories of SCHROECKH, MOSHEIM, GIESELER, etc.; in the Histories of the Reformation by MAR- HEINEKE, HAGENBACH, MERLE D’AUB., FISHER; in the general Histories of Germany by RANKE (Prot.), vol. III. 162-215, and JANSSEN (Rom. Cath.), vol. III. 165-211. Also the numerous Lives of Luther (e.g., ΚΌΒΤΙΙΝ, Book VI., chs. XI. and XII., vol. II. 198 sqq.), and Melanchthon (e.g., C. ScHMIDT, 190-250).