§ 30. THE SWISS DIET. 101
learning, and in solid arguments. His friends said, " Q^coiampadius is vanquished, not by argument, but by vociferation." ^ Even one of the Romanists remarked, " If only this pale man were on our side ! " His host judged that he must be a very pious heretic, because he saw him constantly engaged in study and prayer ; while Eck was enjoying rich dinners and good wines, which occasioned the remark, " Eck is bathing in Baden,, but in wine."^
The papal party boasted of a complete victory. All innovations were forbidden ; Zwingli was excommunicated ; and Basle was called upon to depose CEcolampadius from the pastoral office. Faber, not satisfied with the burning of heretical books, advocated even the burning of the Protestant versions of the Bible. Thomas Murner, a Franciscan monk and satirical poet, who was present at Baden, heaped upon Zwingli and his adherents such epithets as tyrants, liars, adulterers, church robbers, fit only for the gallows ! He had formerly (1512) chastised the vices of priests and monks, but turned violently against the Saxon Reformer, and earned the name of " Luther-Scourge " (^Luther omastix). He was now made lecturer in the Franciscan convent at Lucerne, and authorized to edit the acts of the Baden disputation.^
1 "Nicht uberdisputirt, aber uberschrieen isi er."
2 In another witty poem, quoted by BuUinger (I. 357 sq.), the two disputants are thus contrasted : —
"Alsofing an die Disputaz : Hans Eck empfing da manchen Kratz, Das that ihn libel sclinierzen, Denn alles, iras er furherhracht. That ihm Hans Husschyn [Cb'kolampadius] k.'.rzeu.
Herr Doctor Husschyn hochgelehrt Hat sich gen Eckcn tapfer gwehrt, Oft gnommen Schwert und Stangen. Eckfloh dann zu dem rom'schen Stuhl Und auch all sin Anhangen."
3 He also issued, in 1527, an almanac with satirical caricatures of heretics, where Zwingli is represented hanging on the gallows, and is called "Kirchendieb," "Feigenfresser," "Geiger des hell. EvangeUums und Laiitenschldger des Alten und Neuen Testaments," etc. Kessler's Sabbata, Schaffhausen, 1865, and Hagenbach, p. 372.
102 . THE SWISS REFORMATION.
The result of the Baden disputation was a temporary triumph for Rome, but turned out in the end, like the Leipzig disputation of 1519, to the furtherance of the Reformation. Impartial judges decided that the Protestants had been silenced by vociferation, intrigue and despotic measures, rather than refuted by sound and solid arguments from the Scriptures. After a temporary reaction, several cantons which had hitherto been vacillating between the old and the new faith, came out in favor of reform.
§ 31. The Reformation in Berne.
I. The acts of the disputation of Berne were published in 1528 at Zurich and
Strassburg, afterwards repeatedly at Berne, and are contained, together with two sermons of Zwingli, in Zwingli's Werke, II. A. 63-229. — Valerius Anshelm : Berner Chronik, new ed. by Stierlin and Wyss. Bern, 1884, '86, 2 vols. Sturler : Urkunden der Bernischen Kirchenreform. Bern, 1862. Strickler: Akteiisammlung , etc. Zurich, 1878 (I. 1).
II. IvuHN : Die Reformatoren Berns. Bern, 1828. Sam. Fischer : Gesckichte der Disputation zuBern.- Ziirich, 1828. Melcii. Kikchiiofer : Berthold Haller oder die Reformation zu Bern. Zurich, 1828. C. Pestalozzi : B. Holler, nacli handschriftl. und gleichzeitigen Quellen. Elberfeld, 1861. The monographs on Niclans Manuel by Grxjneisen, Stuttgart, 1837, and by Bachthold, Prauenfeld, 1878. Hunueshagen: Die Conflicte des Zivinglianismus, Lutherthums und Calvinismus in der Bernischen Landeskirche von 1532-58. Bern, 1842. F. Trechsel: articles Berner Disputation and Berner Synodus, and Haller, in Herzog^, II. 313-324, and V 556-561. Berner Beitriige, etc., 1884, quoted on p. 15. See also the lit. by Nippold in his Append, to Hagenbach's Reform. Gesch., p. 695 sq.
III. Karl Ludwig von Haller (a distinguished Bernese and convert to Romanism, expelled from the Protestant Council of Berne, 1820; d. 1854): Geschichte der kirchlichen Revolution oder protestantischen Reform des Kantons Bern und umliegender Gegenden. Luzern, 1836 (346 pages). French translation, Histoire de la revolution religieuse dans la Swiss occidentale. Paris, 1839. This is a reactionary account professedly drawn from Protestant sources and represents the Swiss Reformation as the mother of the Revolution of 1789. To the French version of this book Archbishop Spalding of Baltimore (he does not mention the original) confesses to be " indebted for most of the facts " in his chapter on the Swiss Reformation which he calls a work established "by intrigue, chicanery, persecution, and open violence ! " Hist, of the Prot. Ref in Germany and Su-itzerland, I. 181, 186 (8th ed., Baltimore, 1875).