THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
and other leading Homoians. But he was in touch with the court; and at the discussions in Constantinople which continued those of Seleucia, the imperial wishes, represented by Acacius, Ursacius, and Valens, prevailed. He was able to celebrate his victory the next year at the Council of Constantinople, and commanded the situation in the East. With the death of Constantius the day of this imperial orthodoxy was done; and under Jovian (363-364) Acacius succeeded in accepting the Nicene orthodoxy wliich was now that of the court. His name appears among the signatures of those who, at the Synod of Antioch presided over by Meletius (363), accepted the Nicene formula in the sense of homoios kat' ousian (" similar as to substance ")• With the accession of the Arian Valens (364), the situation changed once more; and apparently Acacius changed with it. He and his adherents were deposed by the Homoiousian Synod of Lampsacus (365), after which he is heard of no more; probably he soon died. He was a voluminous writer, but nothing remains except the formula of Seleucia, a fragment in Epiphanius (Adversus hcereses, lxxii. 6-10; MPG, xlii. 589-596) of his polemic against Marcellus, and scattered quotations in some of the Catena?. (F Loofs.)
Along with Eunomius and Aetius, Acacius may be said to have given dialectic completeness to Arianism. In their polemics against the Nicene Symbol they laid chief stress on the fact that the Father was " unbegotten," depending for his being neither upon himself nor another, which could not be said of the Son. They insisted also upon the complete comprehensibility of God. A. H. N.
Bibliography: Tillemont, Memoires, vi. 1699; M. Le Quien, Oriens Christianus, iii. 559, Paris, 1740; Fabricius-Harles, vii. (1801) 336, ix. (1804) 254, 256; James Raine, Priory of Hexham, vol. i., Newcastle, 1864; Hefele, Conciliengeschichte, i. 677, 712, 714 sqq., 721 sqq., 734-735; DCB, i. 11-12.
ACACIUS OF CONSTANTINOPLE. See Mono-
PHYSITES.
ACACIUS OF MELITENE, mel-i-ti'ne: A bitter opponent of Nestorius in the Council of Ephesus in 431; d. after 437. A homily delivered by him at Ephesus and two letters to Cyril are in MPG, lxxvii. 1467-72. Melitene was a town of Armenia Secunda, the modern Malatie. G. Kruger.
Bibliography: il. Le Quien, Oriens Christianus, i. 441, Paris, 1762; Hefele, Conciliengeschichte, ii. 271, 275, 314; DCB, i. 14-15.
ACCA, ak'ka: Fifth bishop of Hexham (18 m. w. of Newcastle, Northumberland); d. there 740. He was the devoted friend of Wilfrid of York (q.v.), shared his missionary labors in Friesland and Sussex, accompanied him to Rome in 704, and succeeded him as bishop in 709. He was also the intimate friend of Bede, who received help and encouragement from Acca in his scholarly labors, and dedicated to him his Hexameron and several of his commentaries. Acca seems to have been worthy of his friends. He completed and adorned the buildings begun at Hexham by Wilfrid and collected there a large and excellent library. He was a good musician, and induced a famous singer, Maban by name, to come to Hexham and instruct
the rude Northumbrians. In 732 he was expelled
from his bishopric for some unknown reason, but
returned before his death.
Bibliography: Bede, Hist, eccl, v. 19-20; J. Raine, Priory of Hexham, i. pp. xxx-xxxv., 31-36, Newcastle, 1864; W. Bright, Early English Church History, pp. 447-44S, Oxford, 1897.
ACCAD (AKKAD). See Babylonia, IV., § 11.
ACCEPTANTS: The name of that party which in the Jansenist controversy accepted the bull Unigenitus. See Jansen, Cornelius; Jansenism.
ACCOLTI, ak-kel'ti : The name of two cardinals who have sometimes been confused.
1 . Pietro Accolti : " The Cardinal of Ancona "; b. at Florence 1455; d. at Rome Dec. 12, 1532. He studied law, but later entered the Church, and was made bishop of Ancona and cardinal by Julius II. He was the author of the famous bull of 1520 against Luther.
2. Benedetto Accolti: "The Cardinal of Ravenna," nephew of the preceding; b. at Florence, Oct. 29, 1497; d. there Sept. 21, 1549. He belonged to the college of abbreviators under Leo X., and was made a cardinal by Clement VII. in 1527. In 1535 Paul III. for some obscure reason imprisoned him in the castle of St. Angelo; and he obtained his release after some months only by payment of a large sum of money. He left some Latin writings including a few poems (published in Quinque illustrium foetarum carmina, Florence, 1562).
ACCOMMODATION. Greek Philosophical and Theological Usages (§1). Required by Ethics (§ 2). Negative Accommodation (§ 3). Positive Accommodation (§ 4). Modern Theory of Accommodation (§ 5). Untenableness of the Theory (§ 6). When Accommodation is Admissible (§ 7). Accommodation and the New Testament (§ 8). Controversy in the Roman Catholic Church (§ 9).
The word "Accommodation" is used in theology in two senses : (1) the wider, that of a general ethical conception; and (2) the narrower, by certain writers of the latter half of the eighteenth century, in reference to a particular method of Biblical exegesis. i. Greek The ethical reserve denoted by this Philosoph- term was known to the Greek philosoical and phers as synkatabasis, and the same Theological word is used by the Greek Fathers Usages. for that method of teaching which adapts itself to the needs or to the preconceived ideas of the scholars; the expression kat' oikonomian didaskein is also employed, whence the word " economy " is often applied to this method by later writers.
Such accommodation or economy is required by ethics in two cases; (1) when, in a spirit of love, it spares a condition of ignorance 2. Re- existing in another's mind, or (2) when, quired by in the same spirit, it keeps back some Ethics, truth which the imperfect state of development of the other is not ready to receive. Love bids to have patience with erring or weak consciences, so long as they are unconscious of their error or weakness, and therefore