THE NEW
SCHAFF-HERZOG ENCYCLOPEDIA
OF
EELIGIOUS KNOWLEDGE
EDITED BY
SAMUEL MAOAULEY JACKSON, D.D., LL.D.
( Editor -in- Chief )
WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF
CHARLES COLEBROOK SHERMAN
AND
GEORGE WILLIAM GILMORE, M.A.
(Associate Editors)
AND THE FOLLOWING DEPARTMENT EDITORS
CLARENCE AUGUSTINE BECKWITH, D.D.
(Department of Systematic Theology )
HENRY KIM CARROLL, LL.D.
(Department of Minor Denominations)
JAMES FRANCIS DRISCOLL, D.D.
(Department of Liturgies and Religious Orders)
JAMES FREDERIC McCURDY, PH.D., LL.D.
(Department of the Old Testament)
HENRY SYLVESTER NASH, D.D.
(Department of the New Testament)
ALBERT HENRY NEWMAN, D.D., LL.D.
(Department of Church History)
FRANK HORACE VIZETELLY, F.S.A.
{Department of Pronunciation and Typography)
Complete in twelve IDoIumea
FUNK AND WAGNALLS COMPANY NEW YORK AND LONDON
THE NEW
SCHAFF-HERZOG ENCYCLOPEDIA
or
RELIGIOUS KNOWLEDGE
EDITED BY
SAMUEL MACAULEY JACKSON, D.D., LL.D,
( Editor-in- Chief )
WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF
CHARLES COLEBROOK SHERMAN
AND
GEORGE WILLIAM GILMORE, M.A.
(Associate Editors)
AND THE FOLLOWING DEPARTMENT EDITORS
CLARENCE AUGUSTINE BECKWITH, D.D.
(Department of Systematic Theology )
FENRY KING CARROLL, LL.D.
(Department of Minor Denominations)
-HIES FRANCIS DRISCOLL, D.D.
(Department of Liturgies and Religious Orders)
JAMES FREDERIC McCURDY, PH.D., LL.D.
(Department of the Old Testament)
HENRY SYLVESTER NASH, D.D.
(Department of the New Testament)
ALBERT HENRY NEWMAN, D.D., LL.D.
(Department of Church History)
FRANK HORACE YIZETELL?, F.S.A.
(Department of Pronunciation and Typography)
VOLUME II BASILICA, CHAMBERS
^M^-
LIBRARY AND READII*
FUNK Atf© cWAGNiMjLS QQWPANY
NEW YS^LAlfDrtfJ££©'ON
COPYEIGHT, 1908, BY
FUNK & WAGNALLS COMPANY
Registered at Stationers' Hall, London, England
[Printed in the United States of America] Published December, 1908
EDITORS
SAMUEL MACAULEY JACKSON", D.D., LL.D.
(Editor-in-Chief. ) Professor of Church History, New York University.
ASSOCIATE EDITORS
CHARLES COLEBROOK SHERMAN
Editor in Biblical Criticism and Theology on "The New International Encyclopedia," New York.
GEORGE WILLIAM GILMORE, M.A.
New York, Formerly Professor of Biblical History and Lecturer on Comparative Religion, Bangor Theological Seminary.
DEPARTMENT EDITORS, VOLUME II.
CLARENCE AUGUSTINE BECKWITH, D.D.
(Department of Systematic Theology.)
Professor of Systematic Theology, Chicago Theological
Seminary.
HENRY KING CARROLL, LL.D.
{Department of Minor Denominations.)
One of the Corresponding Secretaries of the Board of Foreign
Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church, New York.
JAMES FRANCIS DRISCOLL, D.D.
(Department of Liturgies and Religious Orders.) President of St. Joseph's Seminary, Yonkers, N. Y.
HUBERT EVANS, Ph.D.
(Office Editor.)
Formerly of the Editorial Staff of the " Encyclopasdia Britan-
nica " Company, New York City.
JAMES FREDERICK McCURDY, Ph.D., LL.D.
(Department of the Old Testament.) Professor of Oriental Languages, University College, Toronto.
HENRY SYLVESTER NASH, D.D.
(Department of the New Testament.) Professor of the Literature and Interpretation of the New Testament, Episcopal Theological School, Cambridge, Mass.
ALBERT HENRY NEWMAN, D.D., LL.D.
(Department of Church History.)
Professor of Church History, Baylor Theological Seminary
(Baylor University), Waco, Tex.
FRANK HORACE VIZETELLY, F.S.A.
(Department of Pronunciation and Typography.)
Associate Editor of the Standard Dictionary, etc..
New York City.
CONTKIBUTOKS AND COLLABOKATOKS, VOLUME II.
ERNST CHRISTIAN ACHELIS, Th.D.,
Professor of Practical Theology, University of Marburg.
SAMUEL JAMES ANDREWS (f), D.D.,
Late Pastor of the Catholic Apostolic Church, Hartford, Conn.
CARL FRANKLIN ARNOLD, Ph.D., Th.D.,
Professor of Church History, Evangelical Theological Faculty, University of Breslau.
FERENCZ BALOGH,
Professor of Church History, Reformed Theological Academy, Debreczin, Hungary.
EDUARD BARDE (+),
Late Professor of New Testament Exegesis, School of Theology, Geneva.
HERMANN BARGE, Ph.D.,
Gymnasial Professor in Leipsic.
SAMUEL JUNE BARROWS, D.D.,
Corresponding Secretary of the Prison Association of New York.
JOHANNES BELSHEIM,
Pistor Emeritus in Christiania, Norway.
KARL BENRATH, Ph.D., Th.D.,
Professor of Church History, University of Konigsoerg.
IMMANUEL GUSTAF ADOLF BENZIN- GER, Ph.D., Th.Lic,
Formerly Privat-docent in Old Testament Theology, University of Berlin, Member of the Executive Committee of the German Society for the Exploration of Palestine, Jerusalem.
SAMUEL BERGER (f), D.D.,
Late Librarian to the Faculty of Protestant Theology, Paris.
CARL ALBRECHT BERNOULLI, Th.Lic,
Professor in Berlin. CARL BERTHEAU, Th.D.,
President of the Society for Innere Mission, and Pastor of St. Michael's Church, Hamburg.
WILLIBALD BEYSCHLAG(f), Th.D.,
Late Professor of Theology, University of Halle.