THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
scribed, ii. 139-149, London. 1S47; A. E. Wilson and W Warren, Recovery of Jerusalem, pp. 375-387, ib. 1871; W. M. Thomson, Land and the Book, 3 vols., New York, 1880, i. 352-356 of London ed., 1873; V. Guenn, Description . . de la Palestine, part 3, Galilee, i. 227-228, Paris, 1880; F. Buhl, Geographie de* alien Palastina, pp. 224-225, Freiburg, 1896. Favoring Khan Minyeh are: A. P. Stanley, Sinai and Palestine, London, 1866; E. Robinson, Biblical Researches, Boston, 1868; T. Keim, Jesus of Xazara, 2 vols., London, 1879; C. R. Conder, Tent Work in Palestine, ib. 1880; A. Henderson, Palestine, Edinburgh, 1SS5; G. A. Smith, Historical Geography of the Holy Land, pp. 456-457, London, 1897; DB, i. 350- 351; EB, i. 696-698. CAPEROLANI, ca-pe"ro-la'ni. See Francis,
Saint, of Assisi, and the Franciscan Order,
III., § 7 CAPEROLO, ca-pe'ro-lo, PIETRO. See Francis,
Saint, of Assisi, and the Franciscan Order. CAPE VERDE ISLANDS. See Africa, III.
CAPERS, ELLISON : Protestant Episcopal bishop of South Carolina; b. in Charleston, S. O, Oct. 14, 1837; d. at Columbia, S. O, Apr. 22, 1908. He ■was graduated from the South Carolina Military Academy 1857, was assistant professor there 1S58-60. On the outbreak of the Civil War he entered the Confederate Army, in which he attained the rank of brigadier-general. From the close of the war until 1868 he was secretary of the South Carolina Legislature, but in the mean time studied theology, and was ordained to the priesthood in 1867 He was then rector of Christ Church, Greenville, S. O, 1867-87, except for a year (1S75-76) as rector of St. Paul's, Selma, Ala., and of Trinity, Columbia, S. C, 1SS7-93. In 1886 he had been tendered and had declined the bishopric of Easton, but in 1893 he was consecrated bishop of South Carolina.
Bibliography; \V. S. Perry, The Episcopate in America, p. 355. New York, 1895.
CAPHTOR, caf'ter: A locality provisionally identified with Crete, though the question can not be regarded as settled. According to Amos ix. 7 it was the original home of the Philistines; Jer. xlv'i. 4 (Masoretic text) makes of it an island or coast-land; Deut. ii. 23 and Gen. x. 14 use the term " Caphtorim " of the inhabitants. The early tradition is indicated by the fact that the Septuagint, Vulgate, Peshito, and Targums usp " Cappaclocia " and " Cappadocians " in Amos ix. 7 and Dent. ii. 2C; this was based, however, on a misunderstanding. Attempts to find the meaning have been made by investigating the word " Cherethites " (I Sam. xxx. 14-16; Zeph. ii. 5; Ezek. xxv. 16), used of a people in the Philistine region and of Philistine stock. The transliterations of the Hebrew in the Septuagint show that the latter did not understand the meaning. In the prophetical books the form Krltcs is used by tue Septuagint, implying immigration from Crete; but how far this rested upon data known to the interpreters is indeterminable.
On Egyptian monuments of the time of Thothmes III. appears mention of a land the name of which takes a form corresponding to "Caphtor" minus the final consonant (Kefti). Ebers explained this by " Phenicians," only to have the explanation shown untenable by W. Max Muller. According to G. Steindorff, the Egyptian word connotes " islands of the /Egean"; and the same authority notes among
the representations of tribute to Thothmes III. from the Kefti vessels of the Mycenaean type of about 1450-1250 b.c. The Kefti must have been within the sphere of influence of Mycenaean culture. But Miiller connects them with Cilicia. Evans in his investigations in Crete has discovered numerous evidences of the existence there of Mycenaean culture, thus bringing Crete within the sphere of influence of that civilization. Alongside of them are articles of Egyptian workmanship, showing exchange of commodities between Egypt and Crete. Steindorff puts the two facts together, and equates Crete and the Egyptian Kefti. But this may prove superfluous provided success is attained in geographically defining the word kptar recently found at Ombos, a word which closely corresponds with the Hebrew Caphtor. The equation Kefti — kptar is not fully proved. (H. Guthe.)
Bibliography: W. M. Miiller, Asien und Europa, pp. 337 sqq., Leipsic, 1893; idem, in Mittheilungen der vorderatiatischtn Gesellschaft, i. 1 sqq., 1900 (places Caphtor on the Lycian or Carian coast); G. Ebers, Aegypten und die Biicher Mosis, p. 130, Leipsic, 1868; G. A. Smith, Historical Geography of the Holy Land, p. 171, London, 1897; DB, i. 351-352; EB, i. 698-700; JE, iii. 553-554.
CAPISTRANO, GIOVANNI DI : Franciscan; b. at Capistrano (22 m. s.e. of Aquila), in the Abruzzi, 1386; d. at Illok (Ujlak, 26 m. w. of Peterwardein), Slavonia, Oct. 23, 1456. He first studied jurisprudence, but joined the Franciscans in 1416 and in the school of Bernardin of Sienna became a theologian and preacher. After 1426 he acted as inquisitor against the Fratricelli and Jews, and by cruel measures attained a moderate success. His main achievement was the defense and extension of the order of the Observantines, of whom he was made vicar-general in Italy in 1446. In 1451 he was sent to Germany against the Hussites. Followed by large crowds, he went to Vienna, and is reported to have performed 320 miracles on the way, while the number of his hearers is said to have increased from 150 to 300,000. He intended now to go to Bohemia to destroy the heresy there; a disputation to which he was invited by the Utraquist bishop Rokyczana he managed to avoid, and finally he did venture to enter the country. iEneas Silvius states that he did, indeed, convert a few Hussites, but, considering the multitude of the heretics, they are hardly worth mentioning. At any rate Bohemia, in spite of his sermons, remained as it was before. By way of Bavaria, Saxony, and Lusatia, he went to Silesia and Poland, and on account of his sermons and miracles was everywhere revered like a saint. After the fall of Constantinople (1453) he tried to induce the princes of Germany at the Diets of Frankfort and Wiener-Neustadt to make war against the Turks, but failed, and was very little successful generally in preaching the cross. He went to Hungary in 1455 and when Mohammed II. advanced against Belgrade (1456) Capistrano, the papal legate Carjaval, and John Hunyadi were almost the oidy men who bestirred themselves to repel the foe. In spite of his age, Capistrano with a number of crusaders went to Belgrade and by a daring sally gave Hunyadi opportunity to beat the Turks. For this the friends of his order have cele-