RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Chasuble Cheetham
lence of the Deity Fairly and Impartially Considered (1784); Five Dissertations on the Scripture Account of the Fall and its Consequences (1787).
Bibliography: W. C. Fowler, Memorials of the Chaunceys, pp. 49-70, Boston, 1858.
CHAUTAUQUA INSTITUTION: An institution on Chautauqua Lake (post-ofEce, Chautauqua, N. Y.), founded in 1874 as a Sunday-school teachers' normal institute by John H. Vincent, now retired bisliop in the Methodist Church, and by Lewis Miller of Akron, O. Within four years there developed a complete system of popular education, the main features of which have survived to the present day.
The activities of the institution center primarily about a summer assembly conducted on the Institution ground for eight weeks from late June to late August. At this assembly two main educational features are carried on side by side. A series of summer schools has been evolved which di^ddes itself into two main groups: the first — the academic courses or schools — including the English language and literature, modern languages, classical languages, mathematics and science, psychology and pedagogy, and religious teaching. The second — the professional schools — includes library training, domestic science, music, arts and crafts, expression, physical education, and practical arts. The work in these schools is carried on for six weeks (July- August) and is conducted by a faculty of some ninety instructors from universities, colleges, and normal schoois from the Atlantic Coast to the Middle West and the Far South. The second systematic scheme for general education is promoted by means of a popular programme which includes during the season over three hundred lectures, readings, concerts, and entertainments.
Besides the two divisions of the summer schools and public programme, Chautauqua Institution shows its sense of responsibility toward visitors through an established series of clubs which makes place for Chautauquans of all ages from the kindergarten child to the members of the men's and women's clubs. Of these different organizations, five. — the Kindergarten, the Girls' Club, the Boys' Club, the Athletic Club, and the Men's Club — now have their own well-equipped and centrally located buildings.
The work of the Institution, however, does not cease with the close of the summer assembly, for through the Chautauqua Literary and Scientific Circle large numbers of people are reached throughout the year by means of a regular series of university extension readings. Four books are prepared yearly for the course and The Chautauquan, a monthly magazine, supplements the lines of thought developed in the text-books. The activity of the Reading Circle is directed and systematized by the adoption of a succession of years — the American Year, English-Russian Year, Franco- German Year, and Classical Year; by reading for four years a person passes through the series and qualifies himself for the certificate of completion of the course. During 1905-07 registration in the summer schools averaged 2,465, the total attendance at the assembly each summer was somewhat over 50,000 ,
and the total membership for the Reading Circle from the beginning to 1907 approximated 270,000.
The plan of Chautauqua Institution is extensive, but constantly developing. On the tract of nearly three hundred acres a town with some five hundred cottages has sprung up. An amphitheater seating five thousand, a hall of philosophy with a capacity of eight hundred, and a dozen smaller halls and class buildings provide amply for the various classes and audiences. The Institution holds a charter from the State of New York whereby no element of private profit is permitted. It owns its own lighting and water plants and its own printing establishment, and performs all the functions of an ordinary town although upon a system of government which is entirely unique. The Extension Department circulates each year over a million pieces of matter, and the nmnber of assemblies more or less similar in nature which all owe their stimulus to the original Chautauqua aggregates nearly three hundred. P H. Boynton.
Bibliography: J. H. Vincent, The Chautauqua Movement, Boston, 1886; C. A. Teal, Counting the Cost; or, a Summer at Chautauqua, New York, 1889; F. C. Bray, Reading Journey through Chautauqua, Chautauqua, 1905 (on the system of instruction).
CHAVASSE, sha"vas', FRANCIS JAMES : AngHcan bishop of Liverpool; b. atEdgbaston (a suburb of Birmingham) Sept. 27, 1846. He studied at Christ Church, Oxford (B.A., 1869), and was curate of St. Paul's, Preston (1870-73), vicar of St. Paul's, Upper Holloway (1873-78), and rector of St. Peterle-Bailey, Oxford (1878-89). He was then principal of Wycliffe Hall, Oxford, in 1889-1900, and in the latter year was consecrated bishop of Liverpool. He was select preacher at Oxford in 1888- 1889 and 1901-02, and at Cambridge in 1893 and 1902, and was also lecturer in pastoral theology in the latter university in 1898.
CHEDORLAOMER. See Babylonia (vol. i., p. 407, foot-note) ; Israel, History of, I.
CHEETHAM, SAMUEL: Anglican archdeacon and canon of Rochester; b. at Hambleton (20 m. n.e. of Leicester), Rutlandshire, Mar. 3, 1827; d. at Rochester July 19, 1908. He was educated at Christ's College, Cambridge (B.A., 1850), became deacon in 1851, and priest in 1852. He was viceprincipal of the Collegiate Institute, Liverpool, in 1851-53, and from 1853 to 1858 was assistant tutor of Christ's College, where he was also fellow from 1850 to 1866. He was curate of Hitchin, Herts, in 1858-61, vice-principal of the Theological College, Chichester, and curate of St. Bartholomew's in the same city in 1861-63, and professor of pastoral theology in King's College, London, from 1863 to 1882. He was also chaplain of Dulwich College from 1866 to 1884 and archdeacon of Southwark from 1879 to 1882. In the latter year he was made archdeacon of Rochester, and has also been canon of the same cathedral since 1883, as well as examining chaplain to the bishop of Rochester from 1878 to 1897. He was Hulsean lecturer at Cambridge in 1896. In theology he is a Broad-churchman. In addition to numerous minor contributions, he has written The Law of the Land and the Law of the Mind (Lon-
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