Books which treat of Deism in general are: J. F. Hurst, History of Rationalism, New York, 1902; L. Noack, Die
RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Deism Delitzsch
Freidenker in der Religion, 3 vols., Bern, 1853-55; A. S Farrar, Critical History of Free Thought, Lectiires ivviii., London, 1863; C. J. Abbey and J. H. Overton, Eng. Church in the 18th Century, chap, iv., London, 1878 (" an admirable summary "); J- H. Overton and F. Relton, The English Church (1714-1800), chaps, iii.-iv., London,
On English Deism the classic is J. Leland, Deistical Writers, 5th (best) ed. with Appendix by W. L. Brown, continuation by C. R. Edmonds, London, 1837. Consult: J. Hunt, Religious Thought in England, vols, ii.-iii., London, 1870; J. Cairns, Unbelief in the 18th Century, ib. 1881; L. Stephen, Hist, of Eng. Thought in the 18th Century, ib. 1881; E. Sayous, Les Deistes anglais, Paris, 1882; W. Arthur, God without Religion ; Deism and Sir J ames Stephen, ib. 1887; W. E. H. Lecky, Hist, of Rationalism in Europe, 2 vols., ib. 1899.
On Deism in France consult; C. Bartholmfess, Histoire critique des doctrines religieuses modernes, Strasburg, 1855; H. Taine, Les Philosophes fraru^ais du 19. siecle, ib. 1867; F. Ravaisson, La Philosophie franqaise an 19. siecle, ib. 1868; F. Picavet, Les Ideologues, ib. 1891; J. Texte, Rousseau et les origines du cosmopolitisme litteraire, ib. 1895.
On the German phase consult: K. R. Hagenbach, German Rationalism,, Edinburgh, 1865; G. C. B. Punjer, Geschichte der christlichen Religionsphilosophie, 2 vols., Brunswick, 1880-83, Eng. transl., Edinburgh, 1887; F. A. Lange, Geschichte des Materialismus, Leipsic, 1887, Eng. transl., 3 vols., London, 1877-81.
DEISSMAN, dais'man, GUSTAV ADOLF: German Lutheran; b. at Langenscheid-an-der-Lahn, Nassau, Nov. 7, 1866. He studied at Tubingen (1885-88) and Berlin (1888), and the theological seminaries at Herborn (1889-90) and Marburg (1891-92). He became privat-docent at Marburg 1892; tutor in the Herborn theological seminary 1895; professor of New Testament exegesis at Heidelberg, 1897, and at Berlin, 1908. In 1906 he made an archeological tour of Asia Minor and Greece. His publications include a translation of IV Maccabees in E. Kautzsch's Apokryphen und P.ieudepigraphen des Alien Testaments (Tilbingen, 1900); Die neutestamentliche Formel " in Christo Jesu" (Marburg^ 1892); Johann Kepler und die Bibel : Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Autoritat (1894); Bibelstvdien : Beitrdge, zumeist aus den Papyri und Inschriften, zur Geschichte der Sprache, des Schrifttums, und der Religion des hellenistischen Judentums und des Urchristentums (1895; Eng. transl. by A. Griere, Edinburgh, 1901); Neue Bibelstndien: Sprachgeschichtliche Beitrdge, zumeist mis den Papyri und Inschriften, zur Erkldrung des Neuen Testaments (1897); Briefe eines Herborner Classicus aus den Jahren 1605 und 1606 (Herborn, 1898); Die sprachliche Erforschung der griechischen Bibel, ihr gegenwdrtiger Stand und ihre Aufgaben (Giessen, 1898); Ein Original-Dokument aus der diokletianischen Christenverfolgung : Papyrus 713 des British Museum (Tubingen, 1902; Eng. transl, " The Epistle of Psenosiris," London, 1902); Evangelium und Urchristentum : Das Neue Testament im Lichte der historischen Forschung (Munich, 1905); Die Septuaginta- Papyri und andere altchristliche Texte der Heidelberger Papyrus-Sammlung (Heidelberg, 1905); and New Light on the New Testament, from Records of the Graco-Roman Period, Transl. from the Author's MS. by R. M. Strachan, Edinburgh, 1907.
DELANY, "WILLIAM: Irish Roman Catholic and president of University College, Dublin; b. at
Leighlinbridge (12 m. n.e. of Kilkenny), County Carlow, Ireland, June 4, 1835. He was educated at Carlow College (1851-53), Maynooth College (1853-56), and the Gregorian University, Rome (1865-68), and entered the Society of Jesus in 1856, being ordained priest at Rome in 1866. He was professor in Clongowes-Wood College 1858-60 and in St. Stanislaus's College, TuUamore, 1860-65. In 1868-70 he was vice-president of the latter institution and its rector 1870-80; rector of St. Ignatius's College, Dublin, 1881-83; president of University College, Dublin, 1883-88, and since 1897. He was on the staff of the Gardiner Street Jesuit Church, Dublin, 1888-97. He has written Lectures on Christian Reunion (Dublin, 1896) and Irish University Education (1904).
DELITZSCH, d^'lich, FRANZ : Lutheran; b. at Leipsic Feb. 23, 1813; d. there Mar. 4, 1890. He came of Hebrew parentage; studied at Leipsic, and became privat-docent 1842; was called as ordinary professor to Rostock 1840; thence to Erlangen 1850; and back to Leipsic in 1867. In early life he was an adherent of the theology represented by Hofmann of Erlangen, but his Biblical criticism was freer than Hofmann's hyperconservati"\'e position would allow. He was as rich in spirit as in learning, though his theology was not free from theosophic influences, as is shown by his System der biblischen Psychologic (Leipsic, 1855; Eng. transl. Edinburgh, 1867). He especially distinguished himself as an exegete. At Rostock he wrote De Habacuci prophetce vita (Leipsic, 1842), but his exegetical activity really commenced at Erlangen, where he prepared independently and in connection with Keil some of the best commentaries on the Old Testament which had been produced in Germany. These were soon translated into English and published at Edinburgh (Job, Ps., Prov., Cant., Eccl., Isa.). In their earlier editions they show the influence of Hofmann, but his " Commentary on Hebrews " (Leipsic, 1857; Eng. transl, 2 vols., Edinburgh, 1870) was written in defense of the old Protestant doctrine of atonement, as opposed to Hofmann's position. In spite of his confessional attitude, Delitzsch opposed the idea " of fencing theology off with the letter of the Formula of Concord," and when his colleague Kahnis was attacked, he published a defense of him (1863). He published in 1869 his System der christlichen Apologetik, which was followed by a Hebrew translation of the New Testament (1S77; 11th ed. 1890), and, in connection with S. Baer, an edition of the Old Testament text, except Exodus- Deuteronomy (Leipsic, 1861-97).
The effect caused by the investigations of Wellhausen on his followers induced Delitzsch conscientiously to examine his own position with regard to the critical questions raised, and to give up whatever was not tenable. He published in Luthardt's Zeitschrift, 1880 and 1882, a series of articles on the Pentateuch which prepared the way for the fifth edition of his Genesis (1887), which he justly regarded as a new work. In the Introduction he made it clear that his position in relation to Old- Testament problems was in the main what it had
Delitzsch Demon