THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
passed by the Synod of Philadelphia. It declined to make a literal subscription to the Wostniinsler standards a condition of ordination, as the Presbytery of New Castle had asked should be done, and demanded that the candidate accept and approve of them " as being in all essential and necessary articles good forms of sound words and systems of Christian doctrine.'" In case he had any scruples he had a right to state them, and the synod or presbytery was to judge whether they concerned " articles not essential and necessary in doctrine, worship, and government." In the course of the discussion, Dickinson wrote in a letter that he regarded it " as the most glorious contradiction to subscribe chap. xx. of the Confession which calls ' God alone the Lord of Conscience ' and then impose the rest of the chapters." He took a prominent part in the measures which led to the formation of the synod of New York (1745), the second synod of the Presbyterian Church in the United States. David Brainerd and Indian missions found in him a warm friend. He also took a deep interest in education, and was the most prominent among the founders of the College of New Jersey (Princeton University). Under his counsel a charter was received for the institution in Oct., 1746. His election as tlie first president was announced Apr. 27, 1747, and in May the college was opened in his house. He died the following autumn. He took the side of the Tennents and Edwards in favoring the evangelistic movement led by ^Miitefield.
Mr. Dickinson's defense of the Five Points of Cah'inism in his True Scripture Doctrine concerning some Important Points of Christian Faith, particularly Eternal Election, Original Sin, Grace in Conversion, Justification by Faith, and the Saints' Preservation, represented and applied in five discourses (Philadelphia, 1741; Elizabethtown, 1793) is one of the soundest expositions of Calvinism which America has produced. His other works are Four Sermons on the Reasonableness of Christianity (Boston, 1732); A Display of God's Special Grace (1742); Familiar Letters upon Subjects in Religion (1745); Vindication of God's Saving Free Grace (1748). A complete edition of his Sermons and Tracts appeared at Edinburgh, 1793.
D. S. SCHAFF.
Bibliography; W. B. Sprague, Annals of the American Pulpit, iii. 14-18, New York, 1858; the histories of the Presbyterian Church by C. Hodge, Philadelphia, 1839 - 1840: E. H. Gillett, ib. 1873; J. H. Patton, ib. 1887; R. E. Thompson, ib. 1895. Also J. Maclean, Hist, of the College of New Jersey, Philadelphia, 1877; John De Witt, in Memorial Book of the Sesquicentennial Celebration of the Founding of the College of New Jersey, pp. 348-352, New York, 1898.
DICKSON (DICK), DAVID: Scotch commentator; b. in (^dasgow about 1583; d. 1663. He studied at Glasgow and taught philosophy there till 1618, when he was ordained minister of Irvine, Ayrshire; was deprived in J 1)22 for testifying against the live Articles of Perth, but was permitted to return the next year; became professor of divinity at Glas^^ow 1640, in Edinljurgh 1650; was eji'etecl in J(i()2 for refusing to take the oath of sujjremacy. He was moderator of the General
Assembly at Edinburgh in 1639. His commentaries include Explications upon the Psalms (3 vols., London, 1653-55), an Exposition of Matthew (1651), an Explanation of Hebrews (Aberdeen, 1635), and an Exposition of all the epistles (Latin, Glasgow, 1645; English, London, 1659). He also published Therapeutica sacra, scu de curandis casibus conscientice circa regenerationem per foederum (livinorum applicationem (London, 1656 ; Eng. transl., 1695) and True Christian Love (Edinburgh, 1655), a collection of short poems " to be sung with any of the common tunes of the Psalms," which includes the familiar O mother dear, Jerusalem. Bibliography: His life by R. Wodrow was prefixed to Truth's Victory over Error, (Uasgow, 1752, and was reprinted by the Wodrow Society in Select Biopraphies, vol. ii., Edinburgh, 1847; a volume of his Select Practical Writings also contains a life by T. Thompson, Edinburgh, 1845; DNB, xv. 41-42; Julian, Hymnology, 293, 580.
DICKSON, WILLIAM PURDIE: Church of Scotland; b. at Pettinain (26 m. s.e. of Glasgow) Oct. 22, 1823; d. at Glasgow Mar. 9, 1901. He studied at St. Andrews (M.A., 1851), and after being minister of the parish of Cameron, Fife (1851-63), was professor of Biblical criticism (1863-73) and of divinity in the University of Glasgow. Ho was convener of the Education Committee of the Church of Scotland from 1874, and in that capacity had charge of the training colleges in Edinburgh, Glasgow, and Aberdeen, while after 1866 he was curator of the University of Glasgow library and superintended the preparation of the catalogue. He wrote St. Paul's Use of the Terms Flesh and Spirit (Baird lecture for 1883; Glasgow, 1883) and translated T. Mommsen's History of Rome (4 vols., London, 1862-66) and six volumes of H. A. W Meyer's Commentary on the New Testament and revised the translation often (Edinburgh, 1873-80).
DIDACHE, dai'dak-1 or didak-6.
I. Contents and Arrange-
The Author not an
ment.
Ebionite (§ 1).
11. Title, Address, and Pur-
Was He a Jewish Chris-
port.
tian? (§ 2).
III. Transmission and Integ-
VII. Time and Place of
rity.
Composition.
IV. Language and Vocabu-
Limits 70-160 A.r>.
lary.
(§ 1).
V. Sources.
Not Before 120 a.d.
Biblical Writings (§ 1).
(§ 2).
Barnabas (§ 2).
VIII. History of the Docu-
Hermas and Jewish
ment.
Writings (§ 3).
IX. The Witnesses.
VI. The Author's Stand-
X. Importance of the
point.
Work.
In a manuscript (written in 1056 by a notary, named Leon), discovered by Bryennios (q.v.) in the Jerusalem Convent at Constantinople, from which lie edited in 1875 the complete epistles of Clement, there is found between the epistles of Clement and Ignatius a work of the size of the epistle to the Galatians entitled Didarhe ton dodeka Apostolon, which the discoverer published in 1883, showing at the same time that the work belongs to the first half of the second century and is identical with tli(' " Teaching of the Apostles," which Clement of Aiexan(h ia, Eusebius, Athanasius, and other Fathers knew.
I. Contents and Arrangement: The work is di-