THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
chaplain to the bishop of Worcester in 1902-05. In 1905 he \va= consecrated bishop of Carlisle. He has edited Bishop James Fraser's University and Parochial Scrmonf: (London, 1887) and Lancashire Life (1S89); and has written Godliness and Manliness (London, 1886); True h'eligion (1887); Sermons for Daily Life (1801); Religious Doubt (1S' »5); and Short Studies in Holiness (1900).
DIKE, SAMUEL WARREN: Congregationalist; b. at Thompson, Conn., Fob. 13, 18.S9. He studied at Wilhams College (B.A., 1863), Hartford Theological Seminary (] 81)3-05), and Andover Theological Seminary (B.D., 18()(i). He was pastor at West Randolph, Vt. (1866-77), and Royalton, Vt. (JS79-S'2), and since 1881 has been corresponding secretary of the National League for the Protection of the Family, which was foxmded in that year under the name of the Divorce Reform League, largely as the resiilt of his writings. He has lectured in many higher institutions of learning, and originated the home department of the Sundayschool. He sympathizes with the use of scientific methods in theology and polity. He is the author of numerous articles on divorce, the family, and coimtry towns.
DILLER (DILHERR), MICHAEL: Reformer of Spcyer; b., probably in the diocese of Speyer, in the early part of the sixteenth century; d. at Heidelberg 1570. He matriculated at Wittenberg in 1523, and shortly after 1529 was prior of the Augustinian monastery at Speyer, and preached there frequently. Being a pupil of Wittenberg, he preached justification from a strictly evangelical point of view, although he avoided polemics. He soon gained the confidence of the citizens of Speyer, and in 1538 the municipal council, recognizing the necessity of providing for regular evangelical preaching to prevent the people, who neglected the Roman Catholic service, from " sinking into depravity," requested Diller to hold regular services in his church. In 1 510 the bishop became aware of this course, and commanded him to cease immediately, although he was obliged to acquiesce in the refusal of Diller, who was protected by the council. In Jan., 1541, the emperor Charles V visited Speyer and forbade the council to permit Diller to deliver his sermons, since he " preached of justification and good works after the new fashion." Diller, who had left the city before the arrival of Charles, pleaded his cause before the council and continued his activity after the emperor's departure. Thus far Diller had made no changes in the form of the service, but previous to Easter of 1543 he preached against the mass and demanded that the cup be given to the laity. The bishop in vain asked the council to interfere, and it would seem that Diller now actually administered the Holy Sacrament in both kmds. During the emperor's attendance at the Diet ot Speyer (Jan. -June, 1544) Diller was absent from the fity, bui he resumed his activity witli fresh ardor after the ailjournmcnt of the diet. The council, enroura^cd by the course of events at the diet, not only jirotcctcd him, but also decided to give liini an assistant.
The success of the emperor in the Schmalkakl
War ended Diller's work and evangelical preaching in Speyer. Charles V. again visited the city, and Diller was obliged to leave. He went (o Basel, and in 1553 accepted a call to Neuburg as court preacher to the palgrave Ottheinrich. There, in 1554, he cooperated in the introduction of the church-order. When Ottheinrich became elector of the Palatinate in 1556 Diller followed him to Heidelberg, and collaborated with Marbach and Stolo in the preparation of a church-order, Lutheran in type, which was adopted Apr. 4, 1556. He also assisted in the Baden church-order of 1556, took part in the same year in the ecclesiastical visitations in the Upper Palatinate and in the margravate of Baden, and was one of the most influential members of the council appointed to direct the Palatinate Church. The elector Frederick III., who succeeded Ottheinrich in 1559, likewise reposed full confidence in Diller. Throughout the doctrinal controversies of the period he labored for peace. Repelled by Hesshusen and his sympathizers, he sided more and more with the Reformed, especially at the Conference of Maulbronn in 1564, although henceforth he rarely appeared in public. He does not seem to have engaged in literary activity. Julius Ney.
DILLMANN, (CHRISTIAN FRIEDRICH) AU- GUST: German Lutheran theologian; b. at IIlingen (17 m. n.w. of Stuttgart), Wiirttemberg, Apr. 25, 1823; d. in Berlin July 4, 1894. He studied in the seminary at Schonthal, 1836-40; at Tiibingen, 1840-45; was assistant pastor at Sersheim, Wiirttemberg, 1845-46; traveled and studied, especially Ethiopic, at Paris, London, and Oxford, 1846-48; became repetent (i.e., tutor for three years) at Tubingen, 1848; privatdocent for Old Testament exegesis in the theological faculty, 1852; professor extraordinary of theology, 1853; professor of Oriental languages in the philosophical faculty at Kiel, 18.54; professor of theology at Giessen, 1864; and at Berlin, 1869. He was distinguished for his cultivation of the neglected field of Ethiopic language and literature. As a critic he stood in opposition to the traditional treatment of the Old Te.stament, but was always guided by his perception of the historical principle. He received on this account the thanks of the late Dr. Delitzsch on the occasion of an address which was an answer to the latter'a treatment of Old Testament theology, and replied in a spirit of warm cordiality and appreciation.
His publications embrace Catalogus codicum orientalium MSS. qui in Museo Britannico asservantur. P. III. Codices yEthiopicos amplectens (London, 1847); Catalogus codicum manuscriptorum Bibliothecce Bodleiance O.vnniensis. P. VII. Codices /Ethiopici, digessit A. Dillmann (Oxford, 1848); Liber Henoch, JEthiopice (Leipsic, 1851); Das Buch Henoch ubersetzt u. crkldrt (1853); Das chrisiliche Adanibuch des Morgenlandes, aus dem Aethiopisrhen ubersetzt (reprinted from Ewald's Jahrbiicher, 1853); Biblia Vcteris Tcslamenti ^Ethi- (ipica, Tomus 1. Octateuchus. Fasc. 1, Genesin, J'Jrodum, Leriticum (1853). Fasc. 2, A'umeros ct Deuteronomium (1854). Fasc. 3, Josua, Judicum et Ruth (1855). Tomus II. Fasc. 1 et 2, Libri