THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
DODDRIDGE, PHILIP: English non-conformist; b. in London June 26, 1702; d. at Lisbon Oct. 26, 1751. As early as 1716 he began to think of adopting the ministry as a profession, but declined an offer of a university education and subsequent provision in the Established Church, preferring the freedom of non-conformity. His theological education was directed by Samuel Clarke (q.v.) and the Independent John Jennings. He became minister at Kibworth, Leicestershire, in 1723, without ordination or profession of faith; two years later he removed to the neighboring town of Market Harborough and entered into a joint pastorate with David Some; and he refused several offers which seemed likely to limit the theological liberty to which he clung so ardently. In some sense taking up the work of the deceased Jennings, he became the first head of a new academy at Market Harborough, and, on accepting a call to a pastorate at Northampton six months later, removed his school thither, being ordained by eight ministers in the following March. In the same year appeared his first publication, Free Thoughts on the Most Probable Means of Reviving the Dissenting Interest. This expressed his ideal of unity in essentials and freedom in non-essentials, with a view to bringing all non-conformists together on a common ground. He was an inspiring, if not a very systematic teacher, and was busy in many good works, including a scheme which has been described as the first non-conformist project of foreign missions (1741). His multifarious works were collected in ten volumes (Leeds, 1802-05). The best-known of them with the exception of his hymns are The Rise and Progress of Religion in the Soul (London, 1745) and The Family Expositor, or a Paraphrase and Version of the Yew Testament, with Notes (6 vols., 1739-56). His hymns (370 in number) were published by his friend Job Orton at Salop, 1755, and were reedited, with a collation of Doddridge's manuscripts, by his great-grandson, J. D. Humphreys {Scriptural Hymns, London, 1839). Among the bestknown are " Awake, my soul, stretch every nerve," " Grace, 'tis a charming sound," and " O happy day, that fixed my choice."
Bibliography: The Works (ut sup.) contain the Memoirs, by Job Orton, expanded greatly in Biographia Britannica, ed., Kippis, 1793. The best source is the Correspondence and Diary of Philip Doddridge, ed. J. Doddridge Humphreys (his great-grandson), 5 vols., London, 1829- 1831. The best life is by C. Stanford, London, 1881. Consult the lives by J. Stoughton, London, 1851; J. R. Boyd, New York, 1860; D. A. Harsha, Albany, 1865; and the notices in DNB. xv. 158-164; S. W. DufEeld, English Hymns, pp. 364-366, New York, 1886; and Julian, Hymnology, pp. 305-306.
DODS, MARCUS: United Free Church of Scotland; b. at Belford (44 m. n.w. of Newcastle), Northumberland, England, Apr. 11, 1834; d. at Edinburgh, Apr., 1909. He studied at Edinburgh (M.A., 1854) and New College, Edinburgh (1854- 1858), and was ordained to the ministry in 1864. He was pastor of Renfield Free Church, Glasgow, until 1SS9, when he was appointed professor of New- Testament theology in New College, Edinburgh, (if which he was principal after 1907 He wrote The Prayer that Teaches to Pray (Edinburgh, ISi;;?); The Epistles to the Seven Churches (London, 1865) ; Israel's
Iron Age (1874); Mohammed, Buddha, and Christ (1877); Handbook on Haggai, Zecharia, and Malachi (Edinburgh, 1879); Isaac, Jacob, and Joseph (London, 1880) ; Handbook on Genesis (Edinburgh, 1882) ; Commentary on Thessalonians (1882); The Parables of Our Lord (2 vols., London, 1884-85); The First Epistle to the Corinthians (1889); Introduction to the New Testament (1889); Erasmus, and Other Essays (1891); Why be a Christian ? (1896); How to become like Christ (1897); The Gospel according to St. John (in The Expositor's Greek Testament; 1897); Genesis, John, and I Corinthians, in The Expositor's Bible (1888-91); Forerunners of Dante (Edinburgh, 1903); and The Bible, its Origin »nd Nature (Bross lectures; 1905). He also translated the " Apology " of Justin Martyr and the three books of Theophilus of Antioch to Autolycus, in Clark's Ante-Nicene Christian Library (Edinburgh, 1865), and edited the English version of J. P. Lange's Life of Christ (6 vols., 1864), and the writings of St. Augustine (15 vols., 1872-76).
DODWELL, HENRY: English theologian; b. at Dublin Oct., 1641; d. at Shottesbrooke, Maidenhead (26 m. w. of London), June 7, 1711. He was a fellow of Trinity College, Dublin, but was obliged to resign because he was not prepared to take orders (1666), and settled in London (1674). He wrote in defense of the Anglican Church, and made such a reputation that he was appointed Camden professor of history at Oxford in 1688, but lost the position in 1691, by refusing to take the oath of allegiance to William and Mary. He defended the nonjuring bishops, declaring those " schismatics " who submitted, and himself left the Anglican communion, but in 1710, on the extinction of the nonjuring line of bishops, returned to it. His works were numerous, particularly in the various departments of classical literature, and attest great industry and learning, but little judgment. He is remembered for his assertion, in his Dissertationes in Irenceum (Oxford, 1689), that the New Testament demoniacs were epileptics, and for his Epistolary Discourse concerning the Soul's Immortality (London, 1706), in which he connected immortality with Baptism. Bibliography: The Life by F. Brokesby, London, 1715; J. Darling, Cyclopedia bibliographica, pp. 938-939, London, 1854; S. A. Allibone, Critical Dictionary of Eng. Literature, Philadelphia, 1891; DNB, xv. 179-181.
DOEDERLEIN, do'der-lain: The family-name of several German theologians.
1. Johann Alexander Dbderlein : B. at Weissenburg (27 m. s.e. of Anspach) Feb. 11, 1675; d. there Oct. 23, 1745. His most important work was Antiquitates gentilismi N ordgaviensis (Nuremberg, 1734).
2. Christian Albert Dbderlein: B. at Seyringen (40 m. s.w. of Nuremberg) Dec. 11, 1714; d. at Butzow (18 m. s.w. of Rostock) Nov. 4, 1789. He was professor of theology at Rostock and Butzow, and published De Thaletis et Pythagorce theologica ratione (Ciottingen, 1750); V ermischte Abhandlungen aus alten Theilen der Gelehrsanikeit (Halle, 1755); Von dem rechtcn Gebrauch und Misbrauch der menschlichen Vernunft in gottlichen Dingen (Butzow, 1760); Commentatio de Ebionceis e numero hostium divinitatis Christi cximendis (1769); Ueber Toleranz