THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
27 vols., Oxford, 1S22-28; G. Burnet, Hist, of the Reformation, 7 vols., Oxford, 1S65; D. Neal, Hisl. of the Puritans, new ed., 2 vols., London, 1843; cf. also F. Seebohm, Oxford Reformers, 3d ed., London, 1SS7; and the general works upon the Reformation.
On the general history consult: the Opera of Bede J. Ussher, Ecclesiarum Britannicarum antiquitates, in the Works, ed. C. R. Elrington, 16 vols., Dublin, 1847-62 E. Stillingfleet, Origincs Britanniccc, ed. Pantin, 2 vols. Oxford, 1S42; T. Fuller, Church Hist, of Britain, ed. J, Nichols, 3 vols., London, 1868; J. Inett, Origines Anglicano?, ed. J. Griffiths, 3 vols., Oxford, 1855 (in continuation of Stillingfleet); J. Collier, Heel. Hist, of Great Britain, best ed., 9 vols., London, 1840 (goes through the reign of Charles II.); J. Grant, Hist, of the English Church and of the Sects, . - with Answers to Each Dissenting Body, 4 vols., London, 1S11-25 (goes through the reign of George III.); E. Cardwell, Documentary Annals of the Reformed Church of England, 1546-1716, 2 vols., Oxford, 1844; G. Weber, Geschiehte der akatholischen Kirchen und Sekten von Grossbritannien, 2 vols., Leipsic, 1845-53; J. S. M. Anderson, Hist, of the Church of England in the Colonies, 3 vols., London, 1858; G. G. Perry, Hist, of the Church of England, 3 vols., ib. 1862-64; R. W. Dixon, History of the Church of England from the Abolition of the Roman Jurisdiction, 4 vols., ib. 1878-91; A. Martineau, Church Hist, in England , to the Reformation, ib. 1878; R.
Barclay, Inner Life of the Religious Societies of the Commonwealth, 2 vols., ib. 1879; E. Churton, The Early English Church, ib. 1879; J. Stoughton, Hist, of Religion in England, 1640-1800, 6 vols., ib. 1881; idem, Religion in England during the First Half of the Present Century, 2 vols., ib. 1SS4; C. J. Abbey and J. H. Overton, The English Church in the 18th Century, 2 vols., ib. 1887; W. Stubbs, Registrum sacrum Anglicanum, Oxford, 1897; a new ed. of Stubbs' Lectures on Early English Church Hist., ed. A. Hassall, appeared, ib. 1906; W. A. Shaw, Hist, of the English Church, 1640-1660, 2 vols., ib. 1900; J. H. Overton, The Church in England, 2 vols., ib. 1903. Convenient handbooks are: G. G. Perry, Student's Church Hist, of England, 3 vols., ib. 1878-87; A. C. Jennings, Ecclesia Anglicana, ib. 1882; H. Gee, The Elizabethan Clergy and the Settlement of Religion, Oxford, 1898; H. C. G. Moule, Evangelical School in the Church of England ; its Men and its Work in the 19th Century, London, 1901; A. Plummer, English Church Hist., 1509- 1702, 3 vols., Edinburgh, 1904-07; T. Allison, Lectures on English Church Hist, . 1702, London, 1906; A. Gasquet, Henry VIII. and the English Monasteries, ib. 1906 (Roman Catholic); S. R. Maitland, The Reformation in England, New York, 1906; H. N. Birt, The Elizabethan Religious Settlement, a Study of Contemporary Documents, London, 1907 (Roman Catholic); J. H. Overton, The Anglican Revival, New York, 1907; W. B. Carpenter, Popular Hist, of the Church of England, London, 1 908; G. R. Balleine, A Hist, of the Evangelical Party in the Church of England, ib. 1908.
On councils and church law: D. Wilkins, Concilia Magna; Britannia; 4 vols., London, 1737; E. Cardwell, Synodalia, a Collection of Articles of Religious Canons and Proceedings of Convocation in the Province of Canterbury, 2 vols., Oxford, 1S42; F. Makower, The Constitutional Hist, and Constitution of the Church of England, London, 1895; R. J. Phillimore, The Ecclesiastical Law of the Church of England, ed. W. G. F. Phillimore and C. F. Jemmett, 2 vols., London, 1895; W. Stubbs, The Constitutional Hist, of England, 3 vols., Oxford, 1897; idem, Select Charters of English Court Hist., ib. 1900; F. W. Maitland, Roman Canon Law in the Church of England, London, 1898; H. H. Henson, The National Church ; Essays on its Hist, and Constitution, ib., 1908; Gee and Hardy, Documents.
ENGLAND AND WALES.
Established Church (§ 1). Salvation Army, Minor De- Presbyterians and Methodists nominations, Roman Catho-
(§ 2)- lies (§ 4).
Congregationalists, Baptists, Theological Schools (§ 5).
Calvimstic Methodists (§ 3).
England and Wales constitute two divisions of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. They are divided into fifty-two counties, forty in England and twelve in Wales, and have an area of
58,323 square miles and a population (1901) of 32,526,075. The established Church is the Church of England (see England, Church of), but all other religious bodies are fully recognized and tolerated, and no civil disability attaches to any class of British subjects because of their religious beliefs or unbelief. Since no religious census of Great Britain has recently been taken, the statistics of the present article are drawn from year-books and other sources, so that the figures represent not only different years, but also refer sometimes to England alone, sometimes to England and Wales, and sometimes to the British Isles.
In the Established Church in England and Wales
there are two archbishops, thirty-five bishops,
thirty suffragan and two assistant bishops. Under
the bishops are thirty-two deans,
i. Estab- ninety-five archdeacons, and eight hun-
lished dred and ten rural deans. For the
Church, management of ecclesiastical affairs, each of the archbishoprics, or " provinces," has a council, orConvocation (q. v.), consisting of the bishops, archdeacons, and deans in person, and of a certain number of proctors as the representatives of the clergy. These councils are summoned by the respective archbishops in pursuance of the king's command. When assembled, they must have the king's license before they can deliberate and also the sanction of the crown to their resolutions before they are binding on the clergy, so that their actual power is extremely limited. The number of civil parishes (districts for which a separate poor rate is or can be made) was 14,900 at the census of 1901. These, however, seldom coincide with ecclesiastical parishes, which, during recent years, have lost their old importance, the ancient parishes having been frequently divided into districts, each of which is virtually an independent parish. Of such parishes there were 14,080 in 1901, including those of the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands. Since 1818 the Church Building Society and the Ecclesiastical Commissioners have formed upward of 3,000 new ecclesiastical parishes. Each parish has its church, presided over by an incumbent in priest's orders, and known as rector, vicar, or perpetual curate according to his relation to the temporalities of his parish. Private persons possess the right of presentation to about S,500 benefices; the patronage of the others belongs mainly to the Icing, the bishops and cathedrals, the Lord Chancellor, and the universities of Oxford and Cambridge. The census returns for 1901 gave the number of the clergy of the Church of England as 25,235. In 1905 there were 14,029 incumbents and about 7,500 curates and unbeneficed clergy, while the non-active list comprised about 4,000. The church accommodation, according to returns by 13,948 incumbents, was as follows: in parish churches, 5,774,608; in chapels-of-ease, 674,038; in mission-rooms, etc., 733,607; total 7,1S2,253. The number of communicants was estimated at 2,223,207; of Sunday School teachers at 209,388; of Sunday School scholars at 2,467,902. The gross annual income of the clergy in 1904-05 was estimated at £4,539,350, and the net income at £3,574,- 430. The amount of the voluntary contributions