THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
Bala (43 m. s.w. of Liverpool), Merioneth, Wales, July 25, 1892. He studied at the Welsh Presbyterian College, Bala (1846-49), and at Racine College, Racine, Wis. (B.S., 1854; B.A., 1856), And was graduated at Lane Theological Seminary, Cincinnati, O., in 1860. He was pastor of the Lane Seminary Church, 1860-63, and professor in Lane Seminary until 1892, of church history, 1860-63, of Biblical literature and exegesis 1863-71, of the Old Testament 1871-75, and of the New Testament after 1875. In 1892 he accepted a call to the Welsh Presbyterian College, but died four months afterward. He was a member of the Wisconsin legislature in 1856-57 and corresponding editor of The Christian Central Herald 1863-66. He translated and edited O. Zockler's commentary on Job (New York, 1874); a posthumous volume of sermons Preaching Christ (1893) has a memoir by his colleague in Lane, H. P. Smith.
EVANSON, EDWARD: English clergyman; b. at Warrington (16 m. w.s.w. of Manchester), Lancashire, Apr. 21, 1731; d. at Colford (4 m. n.w. of Crediton), Devonshire, Sept. 25, 1805. He studied at Emmanuel College, Cambridge (B.A., 1749; M.A., 1753). After having officiated for several years as curate at Mitcham, Surrey, he was given the vicarage of South Mimms in 1768, and in 1769 also that of Tewkesbury. The following year he gave up South Mimms for the vicarage of Longdon, in Worcestershire. For questioning the divinity of Christ and altering the liturgy in conformity to Unitarian views a prosecution was instituted against him. First tried before the bishop of Gloucester, Jan. 16, 1775, the case was appealed to the Court of Arches, then to the Court of Delegates, and finally quashed on technical grounds in 1777. Evanson was very popular with his parishioners, and they subscribed freely to pay his expenses. In 1777 he gave up his charges and a few months later opened a school at Mitcham. After his marriage, in 1786, he purchased an estate at Blakenham, Suffolk, and later preached to a Unitarian church at Lympston. He was the author of The Dissonance of the Four generally received Evangelists (Ipswich, 1792), in which he rejects the Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and John, and other parts of the New Testament; Arguments against and for the Sabbatical Observance of Sunday (Ipswich, 1792), a result of a controversy with Priestley; and Reflections on the State of Religion in Christendom (London, 1802), which he considered his most important work; also Sermons, with a memoir (2 vols., London, 1807), containing the Easter sermon of Mar. 31, 1771, which led to his prosecution.
Bibliography: Gentleman's Magazine, ii (1805), 1233; Neast Harvard, Narrative of the Origin and Progress of the Prosecution in Tewkesbury, London, 1778; DNB, xviii. 78-79 (where further literature is indicated).
EVARESTUS (ARISTUS): According to the lists of the bishops of Rome, successor of Clement and predecessor of Alexander, about the beginning of the second century. Nothing is known about him, and his existence is doubtful. Bibliography: Harnack, Litteratur, II., i. 144 sqq.
EVE : The name of the first woman, according to the Book of Genesis, where her creation is described (ii. 18-24), introduced by the soliloquy of Yahweh- Elohim: " It is not good for the man to be alone- I will create for him a help as his counterpart." Then God orders the animals to pass before Adam in pairs for review, that he may realize his utter loneliness and crave for the companionship of his own kind. While Adam is in a trance, God takes one of his ribs (so Eng. versions) and from it forms the woman. It is thought by some that the word rendered " rib " means any independent, separable part of the body, — a meaning favored by the usage of the word as " annex " in I Kings vi. 5; Ezek. xli. 5-7 Be this as it may, the point of the story is that the woman is not created independently of the man, but from that which has been taken from him. In I Cor. xi. 8-9 Paul lays emphasis upon this. Originally created as one, destined for personal relation with God, later man becomes husband to the woman who proceeds out of him. " This is at last," he cries, beholding her, " bone of my bone, and flesh of my flesh." Recognizing her kinship to him, he names her in contradistinction to himself as " man " (Hebr. ish), the " female man " (Hebr. isshah). The historian adds, that for this reason (namely that woman has been created out of and for man) man will forsake father and mother and cling to his wife and thus become one flesh with her. Since ish can be a contraction of issh ( = insh), the possibility of an etymological connection between ish and isshah is not to be denied offhand (cf. Strack on Gen. ii. 23).
It is further said: (1) that Eve was tempted into disobedience and induced her husband to commit the same sin (Gen. hi. 1-7; cf. II Cor. xi. 3; I Tim. ii. 14); (2) that she was punished by the pains of childbirth and her dependence on her husband (Gen. iii. 16); (3) that Adam relying upon God's promise of the victorious seed, gave her the name Hawwah (" Life ") as the " mother of all living " (Gen. iii. 20); (4) that she welcomed the birth of her first-born in happy surprise at the divine gift of grace with the words, " I have brought forth a man with the help of Yahweh" (Gen. iv. 1).
(W VOLCKt.) Bibliography: Smith, Kinship, p. 177; J. Wellhauaen, Prolegomena, p. 308, London, 1885; T. Noldeke, in ZDMG, xlii (1888), 487; JE, v. 275-276.
EVERETT, CHARLES CARROLL: Unitarian; b. at Brunswick, Me., June 19, 1829; d. at Cambridge, Mass., Oct. 17, 1900. He was educated at Bowdoin College (B.A., 1850), and after completing his studies at the University of Berlin was successively tutor (1853-55) and professor (1855-57) of modern languages at Bowdoin, being also librarian during this entire period. He then entered the Harvard Divinity School, from which he was graduated in 1859, and in the same year became minister of the Independent Congregational (Unitarian) Church at Bangor, Me., where he remained ten years. From 1869 until his death he was Bussey professor of theology in Harvard Divinity School, and after 1878 was also dean. He wrote; The Science of Thought (Boston, 1869, new ed., 1890); Religions before Christianity (1883); Fichte's Science of