THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
low); P. H. Hunter, After the Exile, Edinburgh, 1890 G. Rawlinson, in Men of the Bible Series, London, 1891 W H. Kosters, Het Herstel van Israel, Leyden, 1893 A. H. Sayce. Introduction to . . . Ezra, Nehemiah and Esther, London, 1893; idem, Higher Criticism and the Monuments, ib. 1894; E. Meyer, Entstehung des Judentums, Halle, 1S9C (cf. J. Wellhausen in GGA, 1897, ii. 89 sqq.); C- C. Torrey, Composition and Historic Value of Ezra and Nehemiah, in ZATW, Giessen, 1896; T. K. Cheyne, Jewish Religious Life after the Exile, New York,
1898; P. W. H. Kettlewell, Books of Ezra and Nehemiah London, 1901; E. Schrader, in TSK, 1867, pp. 460-504idem, RAT, i. 294-297; DB, i. 821-824; EB, ii. U7S,'- 148S. Consult also the works on the history of Israel and on introduction to the Old Testament, especially Driver, Introduction, pp. 507 sqq.
EZRA, NON-CANONICAL BOOKS OF. See
Apocrypha, A, IV., 1; Pseudepigrapha, Old Testament, II., 7-8 F.
FABER, fa'ber, BASILIUS: Teacher and writer; b. at Sorau (56 m. s.s.e. of Frankfort), Lower Lusatia, c. 1520; d. at Erfurt 1575 or 1576. He studied at Wittenberg after 1538; was private tutor in the house of Johannes Spangenberg, preacher in Nordhausen; then rector of the Latin school in that place; and later held a similar position at Frankfort, and from 1557 to 1560 at Magdeburg. For the next ten years he directed the abbey school at Quedlinburg. On account of his refusal to subscribe the Corpus doctrines Philippicum, he was dismissed on Dec. 5, 1570; and the following year he was called to the new Latin school at Erfurt, where he remained as head of the Alumnat, until his death.
Faber's influence was great, both through his pupils (among whom were men like Cyriacus Spangenberg and Johannes Caselius, qq.v.) and as author. His grammatical works enjoyed great acceptance; likewise his Libellus de disciplina scholastica (Leipsic, 1572, 1579); but above all the Thesaurus eruditionis scholasticce (1571 and often), which was intended to be more than a mere dictionary, — a veritable treasury of helps to a knowledge of the Latin tongue and the interpretation of the Latin writers. It was repeatedly revised and was used even into the eighteenth century. As theologian, Faber was a devoted supporter of Luther and his doctrine; he translated into German Luther's commentary on Genesis, chaps, i.-xxv.; was collaborator in the first four " Magdeburg Centuries " (q.v.); and wrote certain edifying, in part cschatological works. He also issued in 1563 a German edition of Saxonia, by .Albert Krantz (q.v.).
Georg Muller.
Bibliography: Ersch and Gruber, Allgemeine Encyklopadie. I. xl. 2, pp. 12-13, Leipsic, 1844; ABB, vi. 488- 490; J. Janssen, Geschichte des deutschen Volkes, ed. L. Pastor, vii. 56 sqq., 220, Freiburg, 1893.
FABER, fe'ber, FREDERICK WILLIAM: English Roman Catholic; b. of Huguenot ancestry at the vicarage of Calverley (5 m. w.n.w. of Leeds), Yorkshire, June 28, 1814; d. at the Brompton oratory, London, Sept. 26, 1863. He studied at Balliol College, Oxford, and won the Newdigate prize in 1836 for his poem The Knights of St. John. He was made fellow of University College in 1837 and was ordained priest in the English Church in 1839. In 1842 he accepted the rectory of Elton, Huntingdonshire. In Oxford he became an ardent admirer of John Henry Newman and an earnest advocate of the Tractarian movement (see Trao tariaxism). The greater part of the years from 1840 to 1X44 he spent with a pupil on the Continent, and during this time his feelings changed
with reference to the Roman Catholic Church; his impressions are recorded in Sights and Thoughts in Foreign Churches and among Foreign Peoples (London, 1842). He visited the Continent in 1843 with the distinct purpose of observing Roman Catholicism and furnished with letters from Cardinal Wiseman. His Life of St. Wilfrid (London, 1844) showed clearly his Roman tendencies, and in 184,5 he abjured Protestantism and was reordained in 1847. He formed a religious society at Birmingham with the name Brothers of the Will of God, and again visited the Continent, being received at Rome by Gregory XVI. In 1848 he joined the Oratory of St. Philip Neri in London (see Philip Neri, Saint) and in 1849 became head of the congregation, remaining in this position till his death. He was created D.D. by Pius IX. in 1854.
Faber and Keble were the chief religious poets of the Oxford movement and the former's permanent fame rests upon his hymns, which are marked by fervid piety and grace of language. The most beautiful, perhaps, are " O gift of gifts, O grace of faith " (from a longer poem, Conversion), " Workman of God, O lose not heart " (from The Right Must Win), and " Paradise, O Paradise." He was a prolific author of religious and devotional works, including An Essay on Beatification, Canonization, and the Processes of the Congregation of Rites (London, 1848); The Spirit and Genius of St. Philip Neri (1850); The Blessed Sacrament (1855); Lires of the Canonized Saints and Servants of God (42 vols., 1847-56, continued by the brothers of the Oratory); Devotional Notes on Doctrinal and Spiritual Subjects, ed. J. E. Bowden (2 vols., 1866). His hymns were first published in a small collection in 1848, enlarged editions appeared in 1849 and 1852, and the final edition (150 hymns) in 1862.
D. S. Schaff.
Bibliography: J. E. Bowden, Life and Letters of F. W. Faber, London, 1869, new ed., 1888; F. A. Faber, Brief Sketch of the Early Life of F. W Faber, ib. 1869 (by his brother); S. W. Duffield, English Hymns, pp. 506- SON. New York, 1886; Julian, Hymnology, pp. 361-362; DNB, xviii. 108-111.
FABER, GEORGE STANLEY: English controversialist, uncle of Frederick William Faber (q.v.); b. at Calverley (5 m. w.n.w. of Leeds), Yorkshire, Oct. 25, 1773; d. at Sherburn Hospital, near Durham, Jan. 27, 1854. He studied at University College, Oxford (B.A., 1793; M.A., 1706; B.D., 1803), and was fellow from 1793 to ISO:?, when he became his father's curate at Calverley. In 1805 he received the vicarage of Stockton-upon- Tees, in 1808 the rectory of Redmarshall, and in 1811 that of Long Newton, which he held till 1^2,