THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
1892 he has been instructor and professor of Hebrew in Union Theological Seminary. In theology he belongs to the advanced school of Presbyterianism. He has written .-1 Primer of Hebrew (New York, 1903).
FAGNANI, PROSPER: Roman canonist; b. 1598; d. in Rome 1678. At twenty he was graduated as a doctor of law at Perugia, and two years later he was given the important position of secretary to the Congregatio concilii, which held he for fifteen years. He was afterward successively secretary to other congregations and probably professor of canon law at Rome. The commentary which, at the instance of Alexander VII., he wrote on the decretals (3 vols., Rome, 1661) is still appealed to by canonists. He was blind from his fortyfourth year.
Bibliography: KL, iv. 1204-1205.
FAHRNER, FRANZ IGNAZ: German Roman Catholic; b. at Richtoldsheim, Alsace, Aug. 27, 1865. He studied at the theological seminary at Strasburg 1SS7-92 and at the University of Munich (D.D., 1902), was chaplain at Markirch 1892-97 and vicar of the cathedral at Strasburg 1897- 1900. He became professor of moral theology at the Strasburg theological seminary in 1902, and in 1903 was appointed associate professor of canon law in the University of Strasburg, where he has been professor of moral theology since 1905. He has written Geschichte der Ehescheidung im kanonischen Recht, i. Unaufloslichkeitsprinzip und vollkommene Scheidung der Ehe (Freiburg, 1903).
FAIRBAIRN, ANDREW MARTIN: Congregationalist; b. near Edinburgh Nov. 4, 1838. He studied in Edinburgh (B.A., 1860), at the Evangelical Union Theological Academy, Glasgow (1856- 1861), and the University of Berlin (1866-67). After being minister of Evangelical Union Congregational churches at Bathgate, West Lothian (1860- 1872), and St. Paul St., Aberdeen (1872-77), he was principal of Airedale College, Bradford, England, until 1886; and Mansfield College, Oxford, from 1886 till his retirement 1909. He was chairman of Congregational Union of England and Wales in 1883 and a member of the royal commission on secondary education in 1894-95, of the theological board and theological examiner in the University of Wales in 1895-1904, ar.d of the advisory committee to the theological faculty in the University of Manchester in 1904. He was Muir Lecturer in the University of Edinburgh in 1878-82, Lyman Beecher lecturer at Yale in 1891-92, Gifford Lecturer in the University of Aberdeen in 1892-94, Haskell Lecturer of the University of Chicago in India in 1898-99, and Deems Lecturer in New York University, 1906. He has written Studies in the Philosophy of Religion and History (London, 1876); Studies in the Life of Christ (1881); The City of God (1882); Religion in History and in Modern Life (1884); Christ in Modern Theology (1893); Christ in the Centuries (1893); Catholicism, Roman and Anglican (1899); and The Philosophy of the Christian Religion (1902).
FAIRBAIRN, PATRICK: Scotch Presbyterian; b. at Hallyburton (32 m. s.e. of Edinburgh) Berwickshire, Jan. 28, 1805; d. at Glasgow Aug. 6, 1874. He was educated at the University of Edinburgh, was licensed to preach in 1S26, and from 1830 to 1836 was located in the Orkney Islands. In 1836 he was transferred to Bridgeton Glasgow, and in 1840 to Salton, in East Lothian. In 1843 he left the Established Church, but remained in Salton as pastor of the Free Church. In 1853 he was appointed professor of divinity in the theological college of the Free Church at Aberdeen, and in 1856 he was transferred 'to the Free Church college at Glasgow. He was appointed principal of the institution on Nov. 4 of the same year and held this position till his death. In 1865 he was moderator of the General Assembly, and in 1867 a member of the Scotch delegation appointed to visit Presbyterian churches in the United States. He was also one of the company for revising the Old Testament. His principal works are, The Typology of Scripture (2 vols., Edinburgh, 1845-47; new ed., New York, 1900; a guide in the interpretation of Biblical symbolism), Ezekiel and the Book of his Prophecy (1851); Prophecy Viewed in its Distinctive Nature, its Special Functions, and its Proper Interpretation (1856); Hermeneutical Manual (1858); and Pastoral Theology, with a Biographical Sketch of the Author, by J. Dodds (1S75). He also edited The Imperial Bible Dictionary (2 vols., London, 1866) and translated several theological works from the German.
Bibliography: Besides the sketch by J. Dodds, ut sup., consult DNB, xviii. 122.
FAIRCHILD, JAMES HARRIS: Congregationalist; b. at Stockbridge, Mass., Nov. 25, 1817; d. at Oberlin, 0., Mar. 19, 1902. He was graduated at Oberlin College in 1838, and in it was successively tutor (1838), professor of Latin and Greek (1842), of mathematics (1847), moral philosophy and systematic theology (1858), and president (1866-89). From 1889 till becoming emeritus professor (1895) he taught systematic theology in Oberlin Theological Seminary. As a teacher he was clear, philosophical, and impressive. As a theologian he succeeded Charles Grandison Finney, with whom he agreed in general, though not without differences springing from his strong individuality. He taught a " new school " Calvinism, in which the freedom of the will was emphasized to the essential modification of the system. The general cast of his system was practical and concrete rather than metaphysical; but he maintained the divinity of Christ and the trinity, the atonement (governmental theory), and the endless future punishment of the incorrigibly wicked. He maintained also the ethical doctrine to which earlier Oberlin had given prominence, the simplicity of moral action, but minimized the doctrine of perfection which had been associated with it, teaching the possibility of perfection in this life, though laying no emphasis upon it, and not asserting its probability. The foundation of moral obligation he found in the essential worth of sentient being, in immediate perception of this, and in the intuitive affirmation of obligation to promote universal wellbeing, by conscience. But his greatest service to