THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
of Syriac at the College Royal. His life was spent chiefly in the preparation of his well-known Bibliothcque orientate, ou dictionnaire universel contenant genvralement tout ce qui regarde la connoissance des peuples de VOrient (ed. A. Galland, Paris, 1697; reprinted, Maastricht, 1776 [supplement, 1780] ; Germ, transl., 4 vols., Halle, 17S5-90; best ed., 4 vols., The Hague, 1777-79). The work is mainly an abridged translation of the immense Arabic encyclopedia of Hajji Klialfa, but it also contains the substance of other compilations and manuscripts. Despite occasional inaccuracies and inconsistencies, it has proved an invaluable storehouse of Oriental learning, and remains till to-day the only work of the kind in this field. The Hague edition contains a supplement by A. Galland and C. de Visdelou, together with additional notes by H. A. Schultens and J. J. Reiske. A less desirable edition is the abridgment of M. Desessarts (6 vols., Paris, 1781- 1783).
Bibliography: C. Perrault, Les Hommes illustres, vol. ii.,
Paris, 1700; C. Ancillon, Memoires concernant les vies
de . . modernes celebres, p. 134, Amsterdam, 1709;
Nicdron, Memoires, vol. iv.; Lichtenberger, ESR, vi. 186-
187.
HERBEN, STEPHEN JOSEPH: Methodist Episcopalian; b. at London May 11, 1861. He emigrated to the United States in childhood, and was graduated at Northwestern University, Evanston, 111., in 1889, and Garrett Biblical Institute, Chicago, in 1891. In the latter year he was ordained to the Methodist Episcopal ministry, and was assistant editor of the Epworth Herald from 1890 to 1895, and of the Christian Advocate from 1895 to 1904. Since the latter year he has been editor of the Epworth Herald.
HERBERGEN ZUR HEIMAT: The name given in Germany to certain inns or lodging-houses (Herbergen) intended primarily for wandering artisans, and combining the comforts of the ordinary hostelry with the advantages of a refined and religious atmosphere. The founder of the system was Clemens Theodor Perthes (1809-67), professor of jurisprudence at the University of Bonn, and son of F. C. Perthes, the celebrated publisher of Hamburg and Gotha. The need of amelioration in the condition of the wandering youth among the German working classes had long been recognized, and as early as the end of the eighteenth and the beginning of the nineteenth century some attempts in that direction were made, chiefly through the publication of new guide-books for the use of traveling journeymen. Johann Heinrich Wichern (q.v.) had discerned in the class of itinerant workingmen a dangerous means for the dissemination of communistic ideas. There existed in 1854, when Perthes first began his work, so-called " Pilgrims' Houses " in a few of the larger cities, but these failed to reach the great mass of young men. The first Herberge zur Heimat was opened at Bonn in May, 1854, and such wise foresight did Perthes display in formulating his scheme that at the present day, when the number of workingmen's inns has risen to about 500, the same principles control that he advanced in his classic work on the subject
(Das Herbergswesen der Handwerksgesellen, Gotha 1856; 2<1 ed'., 1883).
The Herbergen are primarily public inns in that they are supplied with all the comforts to be found in such institutions, and are quite free from the suggestion of charity; expenses must be met by income, and only the funds necessary for the establishment of new houses are derived from free gifts The Herbergen are conducted in a spirit of strict Christian decency; the use of intoxicating liquors gaming, and excess of all kinds are prohibited. Each house is under the management of a Hausvater, who receives a fixed salary, and thus is free from temptation to advance his personal welfare at the expense of his guests. Morning and evening prayers are held by the Hausvater, at which the guests are invited to be present, but attendance is voluntary. A broader spirit than that which prevailed during the first period of the system animated the management of the Herbergen during the last twenty years of the nineteenth century, the inevitable result of the great process of transformation from agriculture and home production to highly developed industry and commercialism that began in Germany after the war with France. With the influx of hordes of workingmen into the cities the old familiar relationship between Hausvater and guests became impossible; yet the old spiritual influence has not been abandoned. For the harmonious coordination of effort, provincial Herbergen associations as well as a national society have been organized.
(Theodor Schafer.)
Bibliography: Besides the work of Perthes named in the text, consult: G. Augener, Die Herbergen zur Heimat und die V ereinsh&user in ihrer socialen Bedeutung fur die Gegenwart, Bielefeld, 1869; H. Rathmann, Die Herberge zur Heimat nach ihrer bisherigen Enlwickelung, Hamburg, 1876; H. Hape, Die Herberge zur Heimat, in Kleine Bibliothek fiir innere Mission, parts ix.-x., Leipsic, 1S79; H. Cuno, Die Herberge zur Heimat, Bau und Einrichtunq, Leipsic, 1883; Die Herbergen zur Heimat, Denkschrift del Central- Ausschusses fiir innere Mission, Berlin, 1888. Much material on the subject may be found in the periodical Die Arbeiterkolonie, 1884-96, succeeded by Der Wanderer, 1897 sqq.
HERBERGER, VALERIUS : Lutheran preacher; b. at Fraustadt (50 m. s.s.w. of Posen) Apr. 21, 1562; d. there May 18, 1627. He studied for three years at Freistadt in Silesia, and then entered the University of Frankfort-on-the-Oder, and in 1582 that of Leipsic. In 1584 he became a teacher in his native city, in 1590 deacon, and in 1599 pastor, in which office he was very successful under great difficulties. When Sigismund III., a pupil of the Jesuits, ordered his congregation to cede their house of worship to the Roman Catholics, Herberger acquired two private residences, which he gradually transformed into a church. In 1613 a pestilence broke out at Fraustadt. Herberger performed his pastoral duties with undaunted faithfulness, and in these anxious days composed his only song, which has found a place in all Evangelical hymn-books, " Valet will ich dir geben, du arge jalschc Welt (" O world, so vain, I leave thee ")• He was a fertile writer. His most comprehensive work is Magnolia Dei de Jesu scripturw nucleo et medulla (12 parts, 1601-18), meditations on the Pentateuch, Joshua, Judges, and Ruth, intended to emphasize the revela-