RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Job, Book of Joel
testamenti, pp. 150-187, Innsbruck, 1882 (goes into metrody and strophioal structure); G. Hoffmann, Kiel, 1891; C. Siegfried, in SBOT, 1893; G. Beer, 2 vols., Marburg, 1895-97 (critical and of great value); B. Duhm, Gottingen, 1897; Wiener Zeitschrifl fur die Kunde des M orgenlandes, vols, vi.-vii. (critical unpointed text, with directions for reading in Latin); and in the new Biblia Hebraica of R. Kittel, Leipsic, 1905-06. The Sahidic version was edited by Ciasca in Sacrorum bibliorum fragmenta Copto-Sahidica, Rome, 1889 (has a rich introduction; cf. Ame'lineau in TSBA, ix. 2, 1893, 5 sqq.). A Greek edition is by P. de Lagarde in his Mittheilungen, ii. 189 sqq., Gottingen, 1887. Earlier commentaries are by Brentius, Halle, 1546; Johannes de Spineda, Madrid, 1597; A. Schultens, Leyden, 1737; C. F. Houbigant, Notae criticae in universos veteris testamenti libros, Frankfort, 1777; I. J. Reiske, Leipsic, 1779; M. H. Stuhlmann, Hamburg, 1804; J. W. C. Umbreit, Heidelberg, 1824; E. B. Koster, Schleswig, 1831. More modern ones are by H. Ewald, Dichter des alten Bundes, vol. iii., Gottingen, 1836, Eng. transl., London, 1897; S. Lee, London, 1837; J. G. Stickel, Leipsic, 1842; K. Schlottmann, Berlin, 1851; L. Hirzel, ed. Olshausen, Leipsic, 1852; J. G. Vaihinger, Stuttgart, 1856; T. J. Conant, New York, 1857; E. Renan, Paris, 1859, Eng. transl., London, 1889; A. B. Davidson, vol. i., London, 1862 (never completed, philological, an excellent piece of work); idem, in Cambridge Bible, 1884 (perhaps the best in English); Franz Delitzsch, Leipsic, 1876, Eng. transl. of 1st ed., Edinburgh, 1869 (the introduction is very valuable, gives a history of the exegesis of the book); F. C. Cook, in Bible Commentary, London, 1873; O. Zockler, in Lange's Commentary, Eng. transl., New York, 1874;
E. W. Hengstenberg, Leipsic, 1875; C. P. Robinson, London, 1876; D. Thomas, ib. 1879; S. Cox, ib. 1880; G. H. B. Wright, ib. 1883; G. G. Bradley, Lectures on the Book of Job, Oxford, 1887; W. Volck, Munich, 1889; A. Dillmann, Leipsic, 1891; R. A. Watson, in Expositor's Bible, London, 1892; It. Budde.-Gottingen, 1896; B. Duhm, Freiburg, 1897; E. C. S. Gibson, London, 1889; Friedrich Delitzsch, Leipsic, 1902; M. Pritchard, London, 1903; D. Davies, vol. i., London, 1909.
On the metrics consult: J. H. A. Ebrard, Das Buch Hiob als poetisches Kunstwerk, Landau, 1858; P. Vetter, Die Metrik des Buches Hiob, in Bardenhewer's Biblische Studien, ii. 4, Freiburg, 1897; J. Ley, Die metrische Beschaffenheit des Buches Hiob, in TSK, 1895, 1899; E. Kautzsch, Die Poesie und die poetischen Bucher des A. T., Tubingen, 1902.
On critical and other questions related to the book consult: G. Bickell, De indole ac ratione versionis Alexandrinae, Marburg, 1862; J. A. Froude, in Short Studies on Great Subjects, London, 1867; W. H. Green, Argument of the Book of Job, New York, 1874; K. Budde, Beitrage zur Kritik des Buches Hiob, Bonn, 1876;
F. Giesebrecht, Der Wendepunkt des Buches Hiob, Greifswald, 1879; T. K. Cheyne, Job and Solomon, London, 1887; E. Hatch, Essays in Biblical Greek, ib. 1889 (on the Septuagint); J. F. Genung, The Epic of the Inner Life, the Book of Job, Boston, 1891; W. T. Davison, in Wisdom Literature of the O. T., London, 1893 (a luminous treatment); L. Laue, Komposition des Buches Hiob, Halle, 1895; G. Beer, in ZATW- xvi (1896), 297 sqq., xvii (1897), 97 sqq., xviii (1898), 257 sqq. (deals with all the versions); J. Owen, Five Great Skeptical Dramas, New York, 1896;
G. V. Garland, Problems of Job, London, 1898; R. G. Moulton, in Literary Study of the Bible, Boston, 1899; M. Jastrow, Babylonian Parallels to Job, in JBL, xxv. 2 (1906) ; DB, ii. 660-671; EB, ii. 2464-2491; JE, vii. 193-200.
JOBSON, FREDERICK JAMES: English Wesleyan; b. at Northwich (17 m. e.n.e. of Chester), Cheshire, July 6, 1812; d. in London Jan. 4, 1881. He served an apprenticeship to an architect of Norwich, but in 1834 entered the Wesleyan ministry. He was located at Patrington, Yorkshire, in 1834, and at Manchester 1835-37 In the latter year he went to London as assistant at the City Road Chapel. In 1856 he was sent by the British conference to the Methodist Episcopal Conference at Indianapolis, Ind., and in 1860 to the conference at Sydney, Australia. As book steward of the VI.— 13
Wesleyan Methodist organization 1864-79 he greatly extended the publishing-business of his denomination. For twelve years he superintended the Methodist Magazine. In 1869 he was elected president of the Wesleyan Methodist conference. His principal works are, Chapel and School Architecture (London, 1850); A Mother's Portrait (1855); America and American Methodism (1857); Australia; with Notes by the Way on Egypt, Ceylon, Bombay, and the Holy Land (1862); Perfect Love for Christian Believers (1864); Serious Truths for Consideration (1864); and Visible Union with the Church of Christ (1864). A number of his sermons were printed in B. Gregory's Life of F. J. Jobson (London, 1884).
Bibliography: Besides the Life by Gregory, ut sup., consult the Wesleyan Methodist Magazine, Sept. 1844, June 1871, and 1881, pp. 150-157, 176-185, 285-294, 397; DNB, xxix. 396.
JOCELIN, jes'e-lin: A Cistercian monk of Furness Abbey (in northwestern Lancashire, west of Morecambe Bay) and later of Down in North Ireland. He flourished about 1200 and is noteworthy for his lives of saints, especially his Life of St. Kentigern (ed. A. P. Forbes, Edinburgh, 1874) and the Life and Miracles of St. Patrick (published by Colgan in the Trias thaumaturga, Louvain, 1647, 64-116, and in the ASB, Mar., ii. 540-580; Eng. transl. by E. L. Swift, Dublin, 1809).
JOCH, y6H, JOHANN GEORG: German Protestant theologian; b. at Rothenburg (31 m. s.s.e. of Wiirzburg) Dec. 27, 1677; d. at Wittenberg Oct. 1, 1731. He is noted in the ecclesiastical history of his time as an ardent champion of pietistic teachings in the two strongholds of orthodox Lutheran theology, Dortmund and Wittenberg. At Jena, where he studied from 1697 to 1709, he became an enthusiastic follower of Spener, and when he was made superintendent and gymnasiarch at Dortmund in the latter year, he applied himself to the performance of his duties in the spirit of pietism. He found a demoralized and materialistic clergy, devoted solely to dogmatism and polemics, and at once began a struggle for regeneration by means of pietistic assemblies and the institution of catechism classes. This brought him into conflict with his clerical colleagues, but he enjoyed the support of the municipal authorities until he alienated them by his attacks upon them. In 1722 he became head preacher at Erfurt, and in 1726 was appointed professor of theology at Wittenberg, where his advent was the signal for the outbreak of a long controversy in which the cause of Pietism made little headway. Joch was a prolific writer in various fields, but his productions, almost without exception, were pamphlets of little permanent value.
(E. Ideleh.)
Bibliography: C. W. F. Walch, Historie der Ketzereien, vi. 236, 473 sqq., 11 vols., Leipsic, 1762-85; J. C. W. Augusti, Beitrage zur Geschichte und Statistik der evangelischen Kirche, i. 164-231, Jena, 1837.
JOEL: The second of the Minor Prophets in the arrangement of the English version. Little is known of the prophet; he was the son of Pethuel, probably a Judahite, and prophesied in Jerusalem; but that he was a Levite does not follow from i. 9,
Joel
Johannes