RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Livingstone Lobwasser
bishops he was tried and acquitted June 29. He assisted at the crowning of William and Mary and shortly afterward became lord high almoner. He furnished material for Burnet's History of the Reformation of the Church of England (3 parts, London, 1679-1715), wrote many tracts, and also one valuable work, An Historical Account of Church Government as it was in Great Britain and Ireland when they first Received the Christian Religion (London, 1684; reprinted in T. P. Pantin's edition of Stillingfleet's Origines Britannica, vol. ii., Oxford, 1842). Bibliography: A valuable list of sources is appended to the article in DNB, xxxiii. 436-439. Consult: N. Salmon, Lives of the English Bishops, pp. 147-156, London, 1733; F. B. Howell, Complete Collection of State Trials, xii. 183- 254, xiv. 545-560, ib. 1812; E. H. Plumptre, Life of Bishop Ken, i. 66, 140, 145, 293-316, ii. 1-10, 302, London, 1888; J. H. Overton, The Church in England, ii. 161 sqq., ib. 1897; W. H. Hutton, The English Church (1626- 1714), pp. 227 sqq., ib. 1903.
LOBO, lo'bo, JERONIMO: Portuguese Jesuit missionary; b. in Lisbon 1593; d. there Jan. 29, 1678. After teaching for a time in the Jesuit college at Coimbra he went as a missionary to India in 1621, arriving at Goa in 1622. In 1625 he settled in Abyssinia as superintendent of missions in the kingdom of Tigr6, but some years later he was driven from the country, along with the patriarch and other Jesuit missionaries (see Abyssinia and the Abyssinian Church, § 8). After trying in vain to enlist the pope and the Spanish and Portuguese governments in a scheme to reclaim Abyssinia to the Romish Church by force of arms, he returned to India in 1640 and became provincial of the Jesuits at Goa. In 1656 he returned to Lisbon, where he spent the rest of his life. He wrote in Portuguese an account of his travels, which, it seems, has never been published. The manuscript is preserved in the monastery of St. Roque, Lisbon. Balthazar Tellez drew largely upon Lobo's work for his Historia general de Ethiopia a Alta (Coimbra, 1660), which has often been attributed to Lobo. Abbe Legrand translated Lobo's work into French under the title Voyage historique de Abissinie (Paris, 1728), which was translated by Dr. Johnson as A Voyage to Abyssinia (London, 1735; new ed., 1887).
LOBSTEIN, lob'stain, PAUL: German Protestant; b. at Epinal (264 m. e.s.e. of Paris), Department of the Vosges, France, July 28, 1850. He was educated at the universities of Strasburg, Tubingen, and Gottingen, and in 1876 became privat-docent at the first-named institution. In the following year he was appointed associate professor of theology at the same university, where he has been full professor since 1884. In theology he is a disciple of Reuss, A. Sabatier, and Ritschl. He has been associate editor of the works of Calvin in the Corpus Reformatorum, xxiii.-xxxii., xlv., and has written Die Ethik Calvin's in ihren Grundziigen entworfen (Strasburg, 1877); Petrus Ramus als Theolog (1878); La Notion de la preexistence du Fils de Dieu (Paris, 1883); Etudes christologiques (5 parts, 1885-94; the second part, La Doctrine de la naissance miraculeuse du Christ, 1890, was translated into English by V. Leuliette under the title The Virgin Birth of Christ, London,
1903); La Doctrine de la Sainte-Cene (Lausanne, 1889); Reflexions sur le bapteme des enfants (Paris, 1892); Essai d'une introduction a la dogmalique protestante (Paris, 1896; Eng. transl. Introduction to Protestant Dogmatics, Chicago, 1902); Etudes sur la doctrine chretienne de Dieu (Lausanne, 1906).
LOBWASSER, lob-vas'ser, AMBROSIUS : Author of the well-known " Lobwasser Psalter "; b. at Schneeberg (20 m. s.s.w. of Chemnitz) Apr. 4, 1515; d. at Kfinigsberg Nov. 27, 1585. He was educated at Leipsic, especially in jurisprudence (under his elder brother Paul, then professor of that subject); took his master's degree at twenty, and worked as a lecturer till 1550. During the next seven years he traveled as tutor to some young men of rank, and in 1557 became court councilor and chancellor at Meissen. At Bologna, in 1562, he attained the degree of doctor of laws. From 1563 to 1580, when he retired from active life, he was assessor and professor of law at Konigsberg. He was a thorough and versatile scholar, and more than once filled the office of rector of the university. Although a Lutheran by conviction, he was viewed askance by his coreligionists for the reason that he based his translation of the Psalter of Beza and Marot not on the original text, but on the Reformed French Psalter. His object was to popularize in Germany the melodies of the French Psalter, of the beauty of which he had received a deep impression during a long sojourn in Berry; and thus he adhered to the texts which served as channels for these melodies, in order that the meter and versification might accord with the French model. His work was primarily designed for private edification. Accidental circumstances, above all a pestilential epidemic, afforded him the requisite leisure for the undertaking; a " noble Frenchman," Gaurier, gave him encouragement, and thus the Psalter was completely rendered into German by 1562. Duke Albert of Prussia, on whose patronage Lobwasser had doubtless reckoned, died in 1568, and the publication was deferred till 1573. The title reads: Der Psalter des koniglichen Propheten Davids, In deutsche reyme verstendiglich und deutlich gebracht, mit vorgehender anzeigung der reymen weise, auch eines jeden Psalmes inhalt: Durch den ehrvesten Hochgelarten Herrn Ambrosium Lobwasser, der Rechten Doctorn und Filrstlicher Durchlauchtigkeit in Preussen Rathe. Und hieruber bey einem jeden Psalmen seine zegehorige vier stimmen: Vnd laut der Psalmen andechtige schone Gebet (Leipsic, 1573).
The prayers appended to every psalm are translations of the Oraisons of Augustin Marlorat, preacher at Rouen. The summary preceding each psalm and the appended prayer stamp the work as a manual of edification. Although but a mediocre performance in point of language and practical objectiveness, the Psalter enjoyed a success not much inferior to that of the Huguenot Psalter itself. For nearly two hundred years, Lobwasser had almost unlimited sway in the German Reformed Church; and to this day, he is not quite out of date. He owed this success distinctly to the verbally exact adaptation of his version to the French melodies.
Lobwasser Locke