THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
The former obtained recognition of his Lombard possessions by way of Byzantium. H. Hahn.
Bibliography: The sources are in the reports of suoh Greek and Roman writers as t>trabo and Tacitus, in Byzantine writers such as Procopius (in CSHB, vols, i.-iii.), Theophylact (in Labbe's Corpus Historic? Byzantine, Paris, 164>v and Theophanes (ed. C. de Boor, 2 vols., Leipsic, 1SS~>-S7>; also in MGH, Script, rer. Langob., ed. Waitz, 1S7S; MGH, Leg., iv. 1868; C. Troya, Codice diplomatico longobardo, 6 vols., Naples, 1852-55; Dahlmann and Waitz, Quellenkunde der deutschen Geschichte, Leipsic, 1905. The Historia Langobardarum of Paulus Diaconus is translated by W. D. Foulke, New York, 1907. Consult: P. Balan, Romani e Langobardi, Modena, 1867; F. Dahn, Langobardische Studien, vol. i., Leipsic, 1876; idem, Urgeschichte der germanischen und romischen V biker, vol. iv., chap. 7, Berlin, 1889; F. Bertolini, / Barbari. Storia delle dotninazioni barbarische, 395-1024, Milan, 1S76; J. Weise, Italien und die Langobardenherrscher, Halle, 1887; J. Hodgkin, Italy and her Invaders, vols, v.-viii., Oxford, 1895-99; L. M. Hartmann, Geschichte Italiens im Mittelalter, vols, i.-iii., Gotha, 1900-08; P Villari, The Barbarian Invasions of Italy, 2 vols., London, 1902 (2d ed. of the Italian, Milan, 1905); L. Gauthier, Les Lombards dans les Deux-Bourgognes, Paris, 1907; Gibbon, Decline and Fall, chap. xlv. and vol. v. 517-518; Neander, Christian Church, vol. iii. passim.
LONDON POLYGLOT. See Bibles, Polyglot, IV.; and Walton, Brian.
LONG, ALBERT LIMERICK: American Methodist Episcopal missionary; b. at Washington, Pa., Dec. 4, 1832; d. in Liverpool, England, July 28, 1901. He was educated at the Western University of Pennsylvania, Pittsburg, and at Alleghany College, Meadville, Pa., graduating from the latter in 1852. He then studied theology in the Concord Biblical Institute (now Boston University), and entered the Methodist Episcopal ministry in 1857. In 1857 he was sent to Bulgaria as missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church, where he labored until 1863, when he went to Constantinople to assist E. Riggs in revising the translation of the Bible into Bulgarian. From 1872 till his death he was a professor in Robert College, Constantinople. Besides the translation of the Bible, he wrote several hymns in the Bulgarian language, and also edited a Bulgarian periodical.
LONG BROTHERS. See Monasticism; and Origenistic Controversies.
LONGLEY, CHARLES THOMAS: Archbishop of Canterbury; b. at Boley Hill, near Rochester (27 m. s.e. of London), July 28, 1794; d. at Addington Park, near Croydon (10 m. e.w. of Cambridge), Oct. 27, 1868. He received his preliminary education at Cheam, Surrey, and at Westminster; in IS 12 entered Christ Church College, Oxford (B.A., 1815; M.A., 1818; B.D. and D.D., 1829); was reader in Greek in his college, 1822, tutor and censor, 1825-28, and proctor, 1827; meanwhile he took orders in 1818 and became curate at Cowley, then incumbent, 1823; was made rector of West Tytherley, Hampshire, 1827; was elected head master of Harrow, 1829, a post which did not serve to bring out his best qualities, since the discipline grew lax; became first bishop of the new see of Ripon, 1836, in this position gaining success in his opposition to Roman Catholic teaching, though at first he received much blame which changed to
praise after several ministers became Roman Catholics; he was translated to the see of Durham, 1856; became archbishop of York, 1860, and a privy councilor the same year; was promoted archbishop of Canterbury, 1864. Two events of importance marked his primacy. The first was the deposition of Bishop John William Colenso (q.v.), in which Longley declared his belief in the unsoundness of Colenso's position respecting the documents of the Hexateuch and in the legality of his deposition. The second was the first meeting in 1867 of the Lambeth Conference (q.v.). His principal publications were charges and sermons.
Bibliography: F. Arnold, Our Bishops and Deans, i. 161- 168, London, 1875; A. R. Ashwell and R. G. Wilberforce, Life of . S. Wilberforce, passim, London, 1880-82; DNB, xxxiv. 121-122.
LONGBOARDS. See Lombards.
LOOFS, lofs, FRIEDRICH ARMIN: German Lutheran; b. at Hildesheim (21 m. s.s.e. of Hanover) June 19, 1858. He was educated at the universities of Tubingen, Gottingen, and Leipsic (Ph.D., 1881), and from 1882 to 1886 was privatdocent for church history at the latter university, becoming associate professor in 1886. In 1887 he went in the same capacity to Halle, where he has been full professor of church history since 1888. He is a corresponding member of the Berlin Academy of Sciences, and in theology belongs to the school of Ritschl. He has written Zur Chronologie der auf die frdnkischen Synoden des heiligen Bonifatius beziiglichen Briefe der bonifazischen Briefsammlung (Leipsic, 1881); De antiqua Britonum et Scotorum ecclesia (1882); Leontius von Byzanz und die gleichnamigen Schriftsteller der griechischen Kirche, i (1887); Hie Handschriften der lateinischen Uebersetzung des Irendus und ihre Kapitelteilung (1888); Leitfaden zum Studium der Dogmervgeschichte (Halle, 1889; rev. and enl. ed., 1908); Predigten (2 vols., 1892-01); Studien uber die dem Johannes von Damaskus zugeschriebenen Parallelen (1892); Die Auferstehungsgeschichte und ihr Wert (Tubingen, 1898); Eustathius von Sebaste und die Chronologie der Basiliusbriefe (Halle, 1898) ; Schopfungsgeschichte, Siindenfall und Thurmbau zu Babel (Tubingen, 1899); Anti-Haeckel, eine Replik nebst Beilagen (Halle, 1900; Eng. transl., London, 1903); Grundlinien der Kirchengeschichte in der Form von Dispositionen (Halle, 1901); Symboliko der christliche Konfessionskunde, i (Tubingen, 1902); and Nestoriana, die Fragmente des Nestorius gesammelt, untersucht und herausgegeben (Halle, 1905).
LOOMIS, lu'mis, AUGUSTUS WARD: American Presbyterian missionary; b. at Andover, Conn., Sept. 4, 1816; d. at San Mateo, Cal., July 26, 1891. He was graduated at Hamilton College (1841) and at Princeton Theological Seminary (1844). He was missionary in China, at Macao, Chusan, and Ningpo (1844-50); among the Creek Indians at Kowetah (1852-53); and among the Chinese in San Francisco (1859-91). He was stated supply at St. Charles, Mo. (1853-54), and at Lower Rock Island, Edwards, and Millersburg, 111. (1854-59). He wrote: Confucius and the Chinese Classics (San Francisco, 1867), and English and Chinese Lessons (New York, 1S72).