RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Marriagre Marsh
tion, the renewal of the " center," or the foundation of his soul, through the spirit of God, although for many years his spiritual life knew neither rest nor constancy.
Meantime serious controversies resulted from his association with Pietists of like tendencies. In 1726 he conceived the plan of emigrating to Pennsylvania, and in 1730 Zinzendorf sought to interest him in forming the separatists in Schwarzenau and Berleburg into a Moravian community, and also wished to send him to France to win the scattered and oppressed Reformed for his cause. For a time De Marsay and his wife were favorably impressed, but both later rejected the proposal. He now withdrew from mystic meetings and resumed a hermit's life in Schwarzenau and Berleburg. After 1732 he resided for some years at the castle of Hayn near Berleburg as the spiritual adviser of the Von Fleischbein family. In this period fall a number of his works. All these writings, of which the most important are his Freimiitige und christliche Diskurse (3 parts, 1735-39; Eng. transl., Discourses on Subjects Relating to the Spiritual Life, Edinburgh, 1749), Zeugnis eines Kindes von der Richtigkeit der Wege des Geistes (8 parts, 1736-41), and Christliche Gedanken uber verschiedener Materien der Gottseligkeit (1750), show the influence both of French mysticism and of the theosophy of Jakob Bohme and Gottfried Arnold (qq. v.). After the death of his wife in 1742, De Marsay lived for three years in Schwarzenau, and then resided in various places. Coming into contact with pietistic Evangelical pastors, through their influence he abandoned separatism, took part in public worship and the communion, and accepted the Evangelical doctrine of justification by faith. His importance is due to the fact that he introduced the quietistic mysticism of French Roman Catholicism into Germany, although he was one of the last representatives of his school. (K. Holl.)
Bibliography: The main source for a life is the autobiography, existing in MS. in the provincial ecclesiastical archives at Coblenz, reproduced substantially in De Valenti, System der hbheren Heilkunde, ii. 153 sqq., Elberfeld, 1827. Consult further: H. Corrodi, Kritische Geschichte des Chiliasmus, iii. 456 sqq., Zurich, 1783; ZHT, 1855, pp. 349 sqq.; M. Gobel, Geschichte des christlichen Lebens in der rheinisch-westphalischen evangelischen Kirche, iii. 193 sqq., Coblenz, 1860; G. Heppe, Geschichte der quietistischen Mystik in der katholischen Kirche, pp. 506 sqq., Berlin, 1875; A. Ritschl, Geschichte des Pietismus, i. 425, ii. 379 sqq., Bonn, 1880-84; R. A. Vaughan, Hours with the Mystics, ii. 291-295, 8th ed., London, n.d.
MARSDEN, SAMUEL: Church of England; b. at Horsforth (5 m. n.w. of Leeds) July 28, 1764; d. at Windsor (30 m. n.w. of Sydney), New South Wales, May 12, 1838. He was educated at the grammar-school in Hull, and then assisted his father in his shop in Leeds. He was converted and joined at first the Methodist Church, but afterward united himself to the Church of England, and entered St. John's College, Cambridge. He was ordained in 1793, and in 1794 sailed to Australia as chaplain to the penal colony at Paramatta, near Sydney. He established a farm there which eventually became one of the finest in Australia, and endeavored to train the convicts to habits of industry. In 1807 he returned to England to make a report on the
condition of the colony, and tried to interest the Church Missionary Society in the Maoris of New Zealand, but in vain. He succeeded, however, in inducing W- Hall and J. King, two laymen, to return to Australia with him, and in 1814, after he had fitted out a small vessel at his own expense, he and his two assistants sailed to New Zealand. The natives welcomed him gladly and he labored among them at intervals until his death, making in all seven visits to the islands, the last in 1837. He bslieved that civilization should precede the Gospel, and therefore his chief efforts were in that direction. In New South Wales also he was very influential in the cause of civilization, establishing schools and a seminary.
Bibliography: J. B. Marsden, Memoirs of the Life and
Labours of . Samuel Marsden, London, 1858; J. L.
Nicholas, Narrative of a Voyage to New Zealand . . in
1814-15, . with Rev. S. Marsden, ib. 1817; DNB,
xxxvi. 205-206.
MARSEILLES, BISHOPRIC OF: An ancient episcopal see in the south of France, said by tradition to have been founded by the Lazarus who was raised from the dead. He is supposed to have come hither with his sisters Mary and Martha in the year 63, to have been bishop here fifty years, and to have met a martyr's death. The first bishop known to authentic history is Oresius, who signed the decrees of the Synod of Aries in 314. Proculus (381- 428) attempted to claim metropolitan rights, which were conceded to him personally but not to his successors by the Synod of Turin in 401. During his episcopate Semipelagianism made such progress in southern Gaul that its adherents were sometimes known as Massilians. The see continued to be of considerable importance. During a part of the episcopate of Paul de Sade (1404-34), the antipope, Peter de Luna (Benedict XIII.), resided here. The bishopric, which had remained a suffragan see of Aries, was suppressed in 1801, and restored in 1821, but is now under the metropolitan jurisdiction of Aix. Bibliography: Gams, Series episcoporum, pp. 573-574, supplement, pp. 38, 42 (for list of bishops); Gallia Christiana, i. 631-704, appendix, pp. 106-118, Paris, 1715; F. X. de Belzance de Castelmoron, L'Antiquite de Veglise de Marseille et la succession de ses eviques, 3 vols., Marseilles, 1747-51; A. Ricard, Les Eviques de Marseille, Paris, 1872.
MARSH, HERBERT: Bishop of Peterborough; b. at Faversham (44 m. e.s.e. of London), Kent, Dec. 10, 1757; d. at Peterborough May 1, 1839. He was educated at the King's School, Canterbury, and St. John's College, Cambridge (B.A., 1779; M.A., 1782; B.D., 1792; D.D., 1808). In 1779 he became a fellow of his college. In 1785 he traveled on the continent and studied at Leipsic for some years with interruptions. In 1807 he was appointed Lady Margaret professor of divinity at Cambridge, where he instituted an innovation by delivering his lectures in English instead of Latin. In Aug., 1816, he was made bishop of Llandaff, and in 1819 he was transferred to Peterborough. As bishop he introduced many reforms in the administration of his dioceses. Marsh was a zealous opponent both of Calvinism and of Roman Catholicism and wrote many controversial pamphlets. Some of his more important works are: The History of the Politicks of Great Britain and France (2 vols., London, 1800);
Marshall Martdne