THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
tians (1533), Ephesians (1534), and Timothy and Titus(1535). See Butzer, Martin. (EmilEgli-)-.)
Bibliography: The best sources are the letters of Zwingli, in which the activities of Megander often receive notice. The works on the life of Zwingli have also more or less to say of him. Consult: Hundeshagen, Die Konflikte des Zwinglianismus, Lutherthums, Calvinismus in der bernischen Landeskirche 1632-68, Bern, 1842.
MEGAPOLENSIS, JOHANNES (Jan van Mekelenburg): Dutch missionary to the American Indians; b. at Koedyck, Holland, 1603; d. in New York City Jan. 24, 1670. He came to America, 1642, on the invitation of the patroon of Rensselaerwyck, and labored as a frontier missionary. He remained until 1649 working among the Mohawk Indians, whose language he learned, many of whom joined his church. He was thus the first missionary among the Indians, preceding John Eliot by three years. From 1649 to his death he was pastor of the Dutch Church in New Amsterdam (New York). His zeal led him into intolerance toward Lutherans and Independents. His valuable " Short Account of the Mohawk Indians, their Country, Language, Figure, Costume, Religion, and Government," written in Dutch and published without his consent (Amsterdam, 1651), is translated in Historical Collections, State of New York, vol. iii.
MEGIDDO: A royal Canaanitic city assigned at the conquest to Manasseh, though situated within the borders of Issachar. Apparently it was not occupied at the conquest, though the statement is made that the inhabitants were subjected to tribute (Josh. xvii. 11-13; Judges i. 27-28). It was fortified by Solomon (I Kings ix. 15), and Ahaziah died there (II Kings ix. 27). It is mentioned in connection with Taanach, the modern Tell Ta'anuk (Josh. xii. 21, xvii. 11; Judges v. 19; I Kings iv. 12), on the edge of the plain of Esdraelon about half-way down its southern side. The site is therefore by some recognized in Tell el-Mutasellim, on a spur jutting out from Carmel, not far from Lejjun, which marks the site of the Roman town Legio; others prefer Lejjun itself, the ruins of which lie on both sides of a perennial stream which may well be the " waters of Megiddo " (Judges v. 19). Its situation on the edge of the plain of Esdraelon, a battle-ground of the nations for millenniums (cf. Judges v. 19-21; II Kings xxiii. 29-30; Zech. xii. 11; and the Egyptian inscriptions, e.g., of Thothmes III.), gave it a strategic importance. Accordingly it appears in history as a fortified city (Josh. xii. 21; I Kings ix. 15), and in Rev. xvi. 16 (Har Magedon, i.e., " the mountain [fortress] of Magedon " ) it figures as the typical fortress about which the final world conflict is to take place. Geo. W. Gilmore.
Bibliography: Dillmann's commentary on Joshua at xii. 21; G. F. Moore's commentary on Judges, pp. 47, 158; Conder, in the PEF, Memoirs, ii. 90-99 (identifies it with Mujedda near Bethshean, unquestionably wrong); G. A. Smith, Historical Geography of the Holy Land, pp. 53, 385-387, 406, London, 1896.
MEGILLOTH. See Canon of Scripture, I., 6.
MEHLHORN, mel'hern, PAUL: German Protestant; b. at Gauern (a village of Saxon Altenburg) Jan. 3, 1851. He was educated at the universities
of Jena (1869-72; Ph.D., 1873), Zurich (1872), and Leipsic (1872-73), after which he was successively teacher in a private school for girls in Dresden (1873-74), and at the Nicolai Gymnasium in Leipsic (1875-81), and professor at the gymnasium in Heidelberg (1881-93). He was also a teacher in the theological seminary of Heidelberg from 1883 to 1893 and associate professor of theology at the university of the same city from 1891 to 1893. Since 1893 he has been pastor of the Evangelical Reformed Church in Leipsic. He is a member of the Deutscher Protestantenverein, belongs to the liberal school in theology, and has written, among other works: Die Bibel, ihr Inhalt und geschichtlicher Boden (Leipsic, 1877); Kirchengeschichte fur hohere Schulen (1880); Grundriss der protestantisch.cn Religionslehre (1883); Heidelberger Universitalspredigten (1891); Kritisches und Erbauliches (Berlin, 1891); Wie ist in unserer Zeit das Christentum zu verteidigenf (1894); Aus den Quellen der Kirchengeschichte (2 parts, 1894-99); Rechenschaft von unserm Christentum (Leipsic, 1896); Aus Hohen und Tiefen (sermons, 1902) ; Der Religionsunterricht in den hoheren Schulen (Heidelberg, 1902); Die beiden Hauptrichtungen des kirch.lich.en Protestantismus (1903); Wahrheit und Dichtung im Leben Jesu (Leipsic, 1906) ; and Die Blutezeit der deutschen Mystik (Tubingen, 1907). He has also edited the second part of K. J. Holsten's Das Evangelium des Paulus (Berlin, 1898) and the fourteenth and fifteenth editions of J. Hammer's Leben und Heimat in Gott, eine Sammlung Lieder zur Erbauung und Veredlung (Leipsic, 1901-05).
MEIDERLIN, PETER. See Meldenius, Ru-