§ 108. The Moravians.

§ 108. The Moravians.

See the Literature on the Bohemian Brethren, § 75, p. 565, and the Waldenses, p. 568.

Doctrinal and Confessional.

I. Zinzendorf: Ein und zwanzig Discourse über die Augsburgische Confession, 1747-1748 (never published through the trade, and therefore rare). Also the other writings of Zinzendorf, and especially his hymns and spiritual poems, collected and published by Albert Knapp, with a spirited sketch of bis life and character (Stuttg. 1845).

Aug. Gottlieb Spangenberg: Idea Fidei Fratrum oder Kurzer Begriff der christlichen Lehre in den evang. Brüdergemeinen. Barby, 1778, 1782; Gnadau, 1833; English ed. Lond. 1784. Accepted as authority. By the same: Declaration über die zeither gegen uns ausgegangenen Beschuldigungen. Berlin, 1772.

Hermann Plitt (Pres. of the Morav. Theol. Seminary in Gnadenfeld): Evangelische Glaubenslehre nach Schrift und Erfahrung. Gotha, 1864, 2 vols. Not authoritative. By the same: Zinzendorf's Theologie. Gotha, 1869-1874, 3 vols.

The hymns and liturgies of the Moravian Church.

Edm de Schweinitz (Morav. Bishop): The Moravian Manual. Publ. by authority of the Synod. 2d enlarged ed. Bethlehem, Pa. 1869.

II. Among the early opponents of the Moravians we mention Fresenius, Fabricius, Georgius, and the celebrated commentator, J. A. Bengel (Abriss der sogen. Brüdergemeinde, in welchem die Lehre und die ganze Sache geprüft, das Gute und Böse dabei unterchieden, etc. Stuttg. 1751; republ. Berlin, 1859).

III. Modern representations by divines not of the Moravian Church.

Möhler: Symbolik, pp. 533 sqq.; Schneckenburger: Vorlesungen über die kleineren protest. Kirchenparteien, pp. 152-171; R. Hofmann: Symbolik, pp. 533 sqq.

Historical.

I. Biographies of Count Zinzendorf.

Spangenberg: Leben des Grafen Zinzendorf. Barby, 1772-1775, 8 vols. Thorough, reliable, and prolix.

J. G. Müller (brother of the Swiss historian, John von M.): Bekenntnisse merkmürdiger Männer von sich selbst. 3 vols. 1775.

L. C. von Schrautenbach: Der Graf v. Zinz. und die Brüdergemeinde seiner Zeit, herausgeg. v. F. W. Kölbing. Gnadau, 1851. Written in 1782, but not for publication, and kept as MS. in the Archives of the Moravian Church till 1851. One of the most interesting works on Zinzendorf, setting forth the philosophy of his religion.

Varnhagen von Ense: Leben Zinzendorf's. Berlin, 1830; 2d ed. 1846. The view of an outsider, similar to Southey's Life of Wesley.

J. W. Verbeck: Gr. Zinzendorf's Leben und Charakter. Gnadau, 1845. An extract from Spangenberg.

F. Bovet: Le Comte de Zinzendorf. Paris, 1860.

G. Burkhardt: Zinzendorf und die Brüdergemeinde, in Herzog's Real-Encykl. Vol. XVIII. pp. 508-592 (Gotha, 1864), and published as a separate volume.

II. Histories of the Moravian Church.

Many MS. sources in the Archives of Herrnhut, Saxony, especially the 'Lissa Folios,' relating to the history of the Ancient Bohemian and Moravian Church; the 'Diarium der Gemeinde zu Herrnhut' down to 1736; the journals and letters of Zinzendorf; and the history both of the Ancient and Renewed Church, by John Plitt, from 1722 to 1836, in 9 vols.

The Büding'sche Sammlung. Büdingen and Leipzig, 1742-1744, 3 vols. A collection of documents.

The Barby'sche Sammlung. Barby, 1760, 2 vols. A continuation of the former.

David Cranz: Alte und neue Brüderhistorie (down to 1769). Barby, 1772; continued by Hegner, in 3 parts, 1791-1816. Engl. transl. by La Trobe, London, 1780.

Die Gedenktage der erneuerten Brüderkirche (Memorial Days of the Renewed Brethren's Church). Gnadau, 1820.

Bp. Holmes: History of the United Brethren. Lond. 1825, 2 vols.

A. Bost: Histoire de l'Église des Frères de Bohème et Moravie. Paris, 1844, 2 vols. Abridged English transl. publ. by the Relig. Tract Soc. of London, 1848.

Bp. E. W. Cröger: Geschichte der erneuerten Brüderkirche (down to 1822). Gnadau, 1852-1854, 3 vols. (The same wrote also a Geschichte der alten Brüderkirche. Gnadau, 1865 and 1866, 2 vols.)

Verbeek: Geschichte der alten und neuen Brüder-Unität. Gnadau, 1857.

H. Plitt: Die Gemeine Gottes in ihrem Geiste und ihren Formen mit Beziehung auf die Brüdergemeine. Gotha, 1859.

Dr. Nitzsch: Kirchengeschichtliche Bedeutung der Brüdergemeinde. Berlin, 1853.

Missionary.

The missionary literature of the Moravians is very large and important, and embraces the works of Cranz on Greenland (1767); Oldendorp (1777) on Danish Missions; Heckewelder (1817) on Indian Missions; L. Kölbing, Uebersicht der Missionsgeschichte der evang. Brüderkirche (1832 and 1833); Bp. von Schweinitz, Life of David Zeisberger (Phila. 187O). Comp. the Missionary Manual and Directory of the Unitas Fratrum, Bethlehem, Pa. 1875.