THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
America, ib. 1896; J. W. Lee, N. Luccock, and J. M. Dixon, Illustrated Hist, of Methodism, St. Louis. 1900; J. F. Hurst, British Methodism, 3 vols., London, 1909; W. J. Townsend, A New Hist, of Methodism, 2 vols., ib., 1901.
Works on various Methodist bodies are: G. Smith, Hist, of Wesleyan Methodists, 3 vols., London, 1857-61; H. Smith, Sketches of Methodist New Connexion Ministers, ib. 1893; G. Packer, The Centenary of the Methodist New Connexion 1797-1897, ib. 1897; T. Colhouer, Sketches of the Founders of the Methodist Protestant Church and its Bibliography, Pittsburg, 1880; A. H. Bassett, Concise Hist, of the Methodist Protestant Church, Baltimore, 1882; E. J. Drinkhouse, Hist, of Methodist Reform and the Methodist Protestant Church, 2 vols., Baltimore, 1899; E. Bowen, Hist, of the Origin of the Free Methodist Church, North Chili, New York, n.d.; F. W. Bourne, The Bible Christians: Origin and History, London, 1905; J. Petty, Hist, of the Primitive Methodist Connexion, ib. 1861; W. Williams, Welsh Calvinistic Methodism. A Historical Sketch, ib. 1884; D. Young, The Origin and Hist, of Methodism in Wales and the Borders, ib. 1893; J. S. MacGeary, The Free Methodist Church, Chicago, 1909.
For the Methodist Episcopal Church North and South consult: Hist, of the Organization of the Methodist Episcopal Church South. Comprehending all the Official Proceedings of the General Conferences, etc., Nashville, 1845; A. Stevens, Memorials of the Introduction of Methodism into the Eastern States, 2 vols., Boston, 1848-52; idem, Hist, of the M. E. Church in U. S. A., 4 vols., New York, 1864; idem, Centenary of American Methodism, ib. 1866; C. Elliott, History of the Great Secession from the Methodist Episcopal Church in the year 1845, Eventuating in the Organization of the New Church Entitled " The Methodist Episcopal Church South," Cincinnati, 1855; J. Lednum, A History of the Rise of Methodism in America, Containing Sketches of Methodist itinerant Preachers, 1736-85, Philadelphia, 1859; N. Bangs, Hist, of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 4 vols., New York, 1860; L. C. Matlack, Antislavery Struggle and Triumph in the M. E. Church, ib. 1881; H. N. McTyeire, Hist, of Methodism, Nashville, 1886; J. G. Jones, A Complete Hist, of Methodism as Connected with the Mississippi Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church South, Vol. i., 1799-1817, Nashville, 1887; G. Alexander, in American History Series, vol. xi., New York, 1894; J. M. Buckley, in American Church History Series, vol. v., New York, 1897.
For Methodism among the African races consult: J. B. Wakeley, Lost Chapters Recovered from the Early History of African Methodism, New York, 1889; L. M. Hagood, The Colored Man in the Methodist Episcopal Church, Cincinnati, 1890; D. A. Payne, Hist, of the A.M. E. Church, Nashville, 1891; J. W. Hood, One Hundred Years of the African M. E. Zion Church, New York, 1895; I. L. Butt, Hist, of African Methodism in Virginia; or, four Decades in the Old Dominion, Eastville, Va., 1908.
Books dealing with special topics are: J. Emory, Defense of Our Fathers, New York, 1827; D. W. Clark, Life and Times of Elijah Hedding, ib. 1855; R. Paine, Life of W- McKendree, 2 vols., Nashville, 1869; E. H. Myers, Description of the M. E. Church, 1844-46: comprising a SO Years' History of the Relations of the two Methodisms, Nashville, Tenn., 1875; T. L. Flood and J. W. Hamilton, Lives of Methodist Bishops, New York, 1882; F. A. Archibald, Methodism and Literature, Cincinnati, 1883; A. W. Cummings, Early Schools of Methodism, New York, 1886; W. J. Townsend, The Story of Methodist Union, London, 1906; D. B. Brummitt, Epworth League Methods, Cincinnati, 1906; H. K. Carroll, Missionary Growth of the M. E. Church, Cincinnati, 1907; J. Telfond, Wesley's Veterans. Lives of Early Methodist Preachers told by Themselves. With Additions and Annotations, London, 1909.
On Methodism in various countries consult: G. H. Cornish, Cyclopedia of Methodism in Canada, Toronto, 1881; E. Ryerson, Canadian Methodism; its Epochs and Characteristics, ib. 1882; A. Sutherland, Methodism in Canada, London, 1903; J. E. Sanderson, First Century of Methodism in Canada, vol. i., Toronto, 1908; C. H. Crookshank, History of Methodism in Ireland, vol. i., Wesley and his Time, vol. ii., The Middle Age, Belfast, 1885- 1886; E. Thomas, Irish Methodist Reminiscences, London, 1889; R. C. Phillips, Irish Methodism, ib. 1897; H. B. Foster, Wesleyan Methodism in Jamaica, ib. 1881; J. Colwell, Illustrated Hist, of Methodism in Australia, New South Wales, and Polynesia, Sydney, 1904; H. Adams,
Methodism in the West Indies, London, 1908; J. M. Erikson, Metodismen i Sverige, Stockholm, 1895; J. Jiingst Der Methodismus in Deutschland, Giessen, 1906.
On the polity, constitution, doctrines, and discipline of Methodism consult: R. Emory, Hist, of the Discipline of the M. E. Church, New York, 1843; T. E. Bond, The Economy of Methodism Illustrated and Defended, ib. 1852- T. E. Bond, Economy of Methodism, ib. 1852; E. Grindrod, A Compendium of the Laws and Regulations of Wesleyan Methodism, London, 1858; B. Hawley, Manual of Methodism; or the Doctrines, General Rules and Usages of the Methodist Episcopal Church, New York, 1868; J. H. Rigg, Connexional Economy of Wesleyan Methodism, London, 1879; idem, Church Organizations, ib. 1896; H. W. Williams, Constitution and Polity of Wesleyan Methodism, London, 1881; S. M. Merrill, A Digest of Methodist Law; or, Helps in the Administration of the Discipline of the M. E. Church, Cincinnati, 1885; D. Sherman, Hist, of the Revisions of the Discipline of the M. E. Church, New York, 1890; T. B. Neely, Evolution of Episcopacy and Organic Methodism, ib. 1888; idem, Hist, of the Origin and Development of the Governing Conference in Methodism, Cincinnati, 1892; B. Gregory, Side Lights on the Conflicts of Methodism, 1827-52, London, 1898; D. J. Waller, Constitution and Polity of the Wesleyan Methodist Church, ib. 1898; W. F. Barclay, Constitution of Methodist Episcopal Churches in America, Nashville, Tenn., 1902; G. F. Oliver, Our Lay Office Bearers, Cincinnati, 1902; J. J. Tigert, Doctrines of M. E. Church in America, ib. 1902; idem, Constitutional Hist, of American Episcopal Methodism, Nashville, 1903; Doctrines and Discipline of the M. E. Church South, ed. Alexander, ib. 1906; D. A. Goodsell, J. B. Hingeley and J. M. Buckley, The Doctrines and Discipline of the Methodist Episcopal Church, Cincinnati, 1908; H. Wheeler, Hist, and Exposition of the Twenty-five Articles of Religion of the M. E. Church, New York, 1908; H. T. Hudson, Methodist Armor; or, A Popular Exposition of the Doctrines, Peculiar Usages and Ecclesiastical Machinery of the M. E. Church South, Nashville, n.d.
METHODIUS: Greek Church Father and bishop of Olympus, in Lycia; probably martyred by Maximinus, 311. The only one of his works preserved entire in Greek is the " Symposium," which, as its name implies, forms a counterpart to Plato's " Symposium." Ten maidens, invited to the " garden of virtue," are the speakers, their themes being the following: (1) the praise of virginity as the essence
of the likeness to God brought by Works. Christ; (2) the divine ordinance of
marriage; (3) virginity preferable to the married state; (4) virginity the best medicament to immortality; (5) virginity the great vow; (6) virgins keep themselves undefined for the marriage with the Logos; (7) they are equal to the martyrs and are meant by Cant. ii. 2, iv. 9 sqq., vi. 7 sqq.; (8) the woman of Rev. xii. 1 sqq. is the Church, and the human will is free; (9) with her we must adorn ourselves for the Feast of Tabernacles, which is the Resurrection; (10) perfect righteousness (cf. Judges ix. 8 sqq.) first came into the world through Christ. The maidens close with a hymn to the heavenly bridegroom. The De Autexusio is preserved independently in Greek only in the portion i.-vii. 5, but considerable fragments are given by Eusebius, but under the name of Maximus (Prasparatio evangelica, vii. 22; Eng. transl., ii. 366 sqq., 2 vols., Oxford, 1903), Photius (Bibliotheca, 236), the Sacra Parallela; while it is fully reproduced in an Old Church Slavic translation of the eleventh century. Its theme is the origin of evil, which arose from Satan's disobedience to God. In his Peri geneton, of which only a few fragments have been preserved by Photius (Bibliotheca, 235), Methodius assails Origen's doctrine of an eternal ere-