THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
indeed revived, but the conflicts of the papacy with the Portuguese crown were for a long time a great hindrance to its success, until these disputes were settled by the concordat of 1886. The archdiocese of Goa, as well as the dioceses of Daman, Kotchin, and St. Thomas of Melapur, with 534,000 souls under the primate of Goa (patriarch of India), have remained under Portuguese jurisdiction. The other regions of British India are now subject to the Curia. The earlier apostolic vicariates have been changed into bishoprics, a few into archbishoprics. The largest number of Roman Catholics is found in the diocese of Madura, which stretches from Cape Comorin nearly to the river Cavery. More than four per cent of the Tamil population are Roman Catholics; the episcopal seat is Trichinopoli. In fifteen years, the number of converts had in-
dominate. The entire coast region up to the territory of Goa is included in the diocese of Mangalur in which the Jesuits are zealous rivals 2. Western of the Evangelical Basel Mission. Beand North- yond the Ghats lies the bishopric ot ern India. Mysore, which, extending beyond the state of the same name, embraces peoples of various languages. Hyderabad is the last diocese in the region of the Dravidic peoples. Among the Arian population, the archdiocese of Calcutta stands out as the most successful. Above all, great numbers of the hill people of Chota Nagpur, among whom the Evangelical Gossner Mission has worked for many years, have been won for Rome, principally by means of promises touching their social standing. The greater laxity permitted has also drawn many from the Evangelical Chris-
Population in thousands.
Missionary Field.
Cath.
St.
Ch.
Sch.
Sem.
P.
N.P.
O.A.
Congregation.
5,000
5,000
3,000
7,076
2,028
1,210
1,200
3,709
5,500
11,054
21,000
17,000
3. D. Kumbakonam ....
5. D. Coimbatore
7. Ad. Verapoli
9. D. Mysore
206,000
133,770
85,000
44,870
35,870
87,000
59,700
83,690
41,170
12,590
45,290
11,000
4,050
1,340
6,420
4,025
8,095
3,650
3,590
3,000 16,160 13,000
8,000 12,915
?
. 51
Jesuits
Paris Seminary
Paris Seminary
Secular priests and Brothers of
Paris Seminary [Mill Hill
Bare-footed Carmelites
Bare-footed Carmelites
Jesuits
10. D. Hyderabad
Milan Seminary
Jesuits
Brothers of the Holy Cross
Milan Seminary
15,000 7,000
38,147 13,000 25,000 14,200 13,600
15. D. Allahabad
16. Pf. Bettiah
19. D. Lahore
Capuchins Capuchins Capuchins Capuchins
2,000
12,380 7,000
15,500 9,000
20. Pf . Kafiristan and Kashmir.
22. D. Puna
23. D. Nagpur
24. D. Vizagapatam . .
St. Joseph's of Mill Hill
Jesuits
Jesuits
Salesians
Salesians
254,604
Under Portuguese jurisdiction
Catholics in Western India
930,195 534,000
3,107
1,233 6,866
1,057
1,464,195 776,562
Cath. = Roman Catholics, St. = stations, Ch. = churches, Sch. = schools, Sem. = seminaries, P. = priests, N.P.: priests, O.A. = orphan asylums, D. = diocese. Ad. = archdiocese, Pf. = prefecture.
creased by twenty-five per cent. On the northern boundary is the archdiocese of Pondicherry, where adherents come principally from the French colonies. The southern portion was detached in 1899 as the diocese of Kumbakonam. The archdiocese of Madras embraces the northern part of the land of the Tamils and the southern part of that of the Telugus, while the diocese of Koimbatur includes the western portion of the land of the Tamils and is bounded by Madras. Nearly half of the Hindu Roman Catholics (forty-one per cent) belong to the above-mentioned dioceses, although the number of stations and priests is only a quarter of the aggregate.
On the west coast of India the Roman Catholics of Goa predominate. There are, however, in this region the following dioceses directly depending from Rome: Quilon in Tra van core; on its northern boundary the archdiocese of Verapoli, which extends into Malabar. In both the United Syrians pre-
= native
tians to the Roman Catholics. As suffragan bishoprics Dacca and Krishnagar are detached from the archbishopric. The latter includes Lower Bengal as well as the eastern coast region of the Bay of Bengal as far as Akyab, with a Burmese population, and also extends up into the mountains, where dwell various aboriginal tribes. The greater number of stations are in places where Baptists had alreadybeen active at an earlier time. Krishnagar, on the other hand, is a district north of Calcutta where, in 1839, thousands joined the Evangelical Church as a result of a remarkable movement. Later, many fell away, and this brought considerable accessions to the Roman Catholic mission. Assam is, since 1889, an apostolic vicariate; here the Roman mission has been less successful in its appeals to converts of the Evangelical missions here. The bishopric of Allahabad embraces the southeastern half of the United Provinces and Oudh. The Hindus and, Mohammedans are unreceptive.