THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
a struggling existence. In 1865 they invited the Rev. Norman McLeod, an army chaplain and Congregational minister, to the city. He instituted services in a hall in Main Street. A Sunday-school was organized in the city and another at the camp, and Dr. John King Robinson, surgeon in the army, became superintendent. The literary society, with help from California, erected Independence Hall, a commodious adobe building for religious and literary purposes. The next year McLeod went east to solicit funds. In his absence Dr. Robinson was treacherously murdered. McLeod was advised by friends not to return to Utah, as his life was in danger. But Major Charles H. Hempsted, United States district attorney, maintained the Sunday-school. Early in 1SG7 Warren Hussey and two Episcopalian ladies, Mrs. Dr. Hamilton and Mrs. Oliver Durant, requested Bishop Tuttle of Montana to send a clergyman. He sent Rev. Messrs. Thomas W. Haskins and George W. Foote. In May they instituted the first permanent Christian service in Salt Lake City. Major Hempsted gave into their hands the Sunday-school with an enrolment of fifty. Responding to a crying need for school facilities, they, in July, opened St. Mark's grammar-school. An Episcopal church of fifteen communicants was constituted that summer. A much-needed hospital was provided, the first in Utah. In years following this denomination established churches and schools in five other towns, and a second church, St. Paul's, in Salt Lake City. On the removal of Bishop Tuttle to Salt Lake City in 1869, St. Mark's became the cathedral. Subsequently Rowland Hall, a boarding and day-school for girls, was opened. The Episcopalians now have property in Utah worth about $400,000.
In 1869 two Presbyterian ministers, Sheldon Jackson (q.v.) and Melanchthon Hughes, held the first religious service in Corinne and instituted regular work. A church of nine members was organized July 14, 1870. In 1864 the Rev.
2. From Henry Kendall, secretary of the Pres- 1869 to the byterian Board of Home Missions,
Present, while en route to California, preached in the Mormon Tabernacle in Salt Lake City. He found in the city Presbyterians eager for church privileges, but not until 1871 was their request granted. Rev. Josiah Welch arrived in July of that year, and instituted regular services in a room above a livery stable. Out of this beginning grew the First Presbyterian Church of Salt Lake City. In 1875 Rev. D. J. McMillan arrived and instituted an aggressive policy. Within six years he established 40 missions and schools, from St. George in the extreme south of Utah, to Malad, Idaho, the northern part of the Mormon realm. At present the Presbyterians have 27 ministers, 27 churches, 1,819 communicants, 1 college, 4 academies (boarding and day-schools), 13 day-schools, 1,402 scholars, and property amounting to $650,000. Since the establishment of a public-school system in Utah the denominations have discontinued many of their parochial and mission schools. In 1870 the Rev. G. M. Peirce, a Methodist minister, arrived in Salt Lake City, at once began work, and soon established a church. In 1S76 he launched The
Rocky Mountain Christian Advocate, the first Protestant religious paper in Utah. This denomination extended its church and school work into many parts of Utah. It now has 23 ministers in charge of 27 churches, with 1,550 members, 35 Sundayschools with 2,530 scholars, and church and manse property worth $222,100.
In 1873 Rev. Father Scanlan of the Roman Catholic Church was sent to Salt Lake City. Three years previously Rev. Father Kelley from Nevada visited the city and purchased a plot of land for church purposes, but held no service. Father Scanlan established St. Mary's Church, and in course of time twelve other parishes and forty missions, in 1875 St. Mary's Academy, in 1881 Holy Cross Hospital, in 1886 All Hallows College, and later Kearns St. Ann's Orphanage. Schools were opened in five other towns. Father Scanlan is now bishop, and St. Mary's is his cathedral, with a new building costing $350,000. In 1874 the Congregationalisms returned and organized a church in Independence Hall, with Rev. Walter M. Barrows as pastor. In 1878 Hammond Hall and later two other academies and five mission schools in other parts were opened. At present the Congregationalists have 10 churches with 1,327 members and 10 Sunday-schools with an enrolment of 1,260.
In 1881 Rev. Dwight Spencer, superintendent of Baptist missions, reached Salt Lake City, and organized a church which has grown and multiplied. That denomination has now 10 ministers and 10 churches, with 1,000 members. In 1882 the Lutheran Church entered Utah. They have pursued a conservative policy and accomplished substantial results. The Josephites (non-polygamous Mormons) established several churches and have quietly served those Mormons who repudiate polygamy and the divine right of Brigham Young and his followers. The Jews from the first have done their part well. They have helped all the Christian churches and maintained several synagogues. The Y. M. C. A. has acquired property worth $240,000; it has 1,365 members, 1,013 of whom are members of Protestant churches; 585 are in educational classes, and 311 in Bible classes. D. J. McMillan.
Bibliography: From the Mormon standpoint: Booh of Mormon, 1st ed., Palmyra, N. Y., 1839, current publication in revised form at Salt Lake City; Joseph Smith, Book of Doctrine and Covenants, Kirtland, Ohio, 1835; The Pearl of Great Price, Salt Lake City, 1891 and current (selections from Joseph Smith's writings); various works of B. H. Roberts, currently published at Salt Lake City, e. g., The Gospel, Outlines of Ecclesiastical History, New Witness for God, Defence of the Faith and of the Saints; P. P. Pratt, A Voice of Warning to All Nations, Kirtland, 1838; Thompson, Evidences in Proof of the " Book of Mormon," Batavia, 1841; Lucy Smith, Biographical Sketches of Joseph Smith and his Progenitors, Liverpool, 1853, Piano, 111., 1880 (by the prophet's mother); E. W. Tullidge, Life of Joseph the Prophet, Piano, 1880; idem, Hist, of Salt Lake City, Salt Lake City, 1886; J. E. Talmage, Articles of Faith, ib. 1899; Joseph Smith 3d. and H. C. Smith. Hist, of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, Lamoni, la., 1901; B. H. Roberts, Mormon Doctrine of Deity, Salt Lake City, 1903; L. A. Wilson, Outlines of Mormon Philosophy, ib. 1905; J. H. Evans, One Hundred Years of Mormonism, 1806-1906, ib. 1906.
From the historical, critical, or anti-Mormon point of view: W. A. Linn, Story of the Mormons, from the Date of their Origin to . 1901, New York, 1902 (detailed); II. II. Bancroft, Hist, of the Pacific States, vol.