THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
missionaries in Zululand, China, and, principally, Madagascar. It has about 80 workers in the field, while its schools are attended by 48,000 children, and its churches number 62,000 communicants.
(A. C. Bang.)
Bibliography: K. Maurer, Die Bekehrung des norwegiachen Stammes zum C hristenthum, 2 vols., Munich, 1856; J. B. Pratt, Letters on the Scandinavian Churches, London, 1865; P. Zorn, Stoat und Kirche in Norwegen, Munich, 1875; L. Dane, Nordens Helgener, Christiania, 1881; A. C. Bang, Udsigt over den norske Kirkes Historie efter Reformationen, Christiania, 1883; idem, Udsigt over den norske Kirkes Historie under Katholicismen, ib. 1887; idem, Kirkehistoriske Smaastykker, ib. 1890; idem, Den norske Kirkes Historie, 1536-1600, ib. 1895; idem, Den Norske Kirkes Geistlighed i Reformations-Aarhundredet 1536-1600, ib. 1897; H. Boyeson, The Story of Norway, London, 1886; G. F. Maclear, Apostles of Mediaeval Europe, pp. 172-200, ib. , 1888 ; F. Nippold, Handbuch der Neuesten Kirchengeschichte, ii. 431 sqq., Berlin, 1901; L. H. S. Dietrichson, Omrids af den kirkelige Kunstarkoeologi, Christiania, 1902; T. W. Willson, Hist, of the Church and State in Norway, 10th-16th Century, London, 1903; H. G. Heggtveit, Den Norske Kirke i det nittende Aarhundrede, Christiania, 1905; W. S. Monroe, In Viking Land: Norway, Us Peoples, its Fjords, and its Fields, London, 1908; J. V. Kvam, Den norske Kirkes Biskoper efter Reformationen, Christiania, 1910; Schaff, Christian Church, v. 1, p. 861.
NORWICH: Capital of Norfolk, England, and, since 1091, the seat of a bishop. It is situated on the Wensum, and has a population of 111,728 (1901). The cathedral, prevailingly Norman, was begun in 1096 by Herbert Losinga, who transferred thither the bishopric from Thetford. After a fire in the thirteenth century it was rebuilt, and additions were made till the fifteenth century. The bishopric was founded at Dunwich, 630, the bishopric of Elmham was founded in 673, which latter seems after c. 850 to have superseded Dunwich, while the seat was located at Thetford in 1070, and was transferred as above to Norwich. Bibliography: Historical Handbook to Norwich Cathedral,
London, 1890; W. Lefroy, Norwich Cathedral, ib., 1897;
C. H. B. Quennell, The Cathedral Church of Norwich, ib.
1898.
NOTES OF THE CHURCH: A term employed to embrace certain fundamental characteristics of the Church to which appeal may be made either in controversy or teaching. Some of those earliest asserted are: the antiquity of the Church and its priority to heretical communities (Tertullian, Hcer., xii., xx.); the unity of the teachings of the Church and apostolic succession (Irenseus, Hcer., passim); ecumenical consent, the name Catholic, and the continued existence of the Church from the times of the apostles (Augustine and Jerome, passim). Bellarmine increased the number of the notes of the Church to fifteen, including such points as the continuance of miracles and prophecy and the unhappy end of those opposed to the Church. Luther assigned to this category the true and uncorrupted preaching of the Gospel, baptism, the Lord's Supper, the keys, a legitimate ministry, and service in the vernacular (De ecclesice notis, Opera, ed. 1550, vii. 147). Calvin (" Institutes," IV., i. 10) gives only truth of doctrine and correct administration of the sacraments. The Anglican view, while not altogether concordant as set forth by different divines, acknowledges as notes antiquity, continuous duration through the ages, apostolic succession in the
bishopric, interunion of members and their union with Christ, and sanctity of doctrine. Perhaps the most fundamental and acknowledged are those of the Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed — " One, Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic."
Bibliography: J. Taylor, Dissuasive from Popery, part ii., London, 1667-68; R. Field, Of the Church, II., i. 5, new ed., ib., 1847; W. Palmer, Treatise on the Church of Christ, i. 17-21, ib., 1838.
NOTKER, net'ker: The name borne by several monks of St. Gall.
1. Notker Balbulus: Librarian and guest-master at St. Gall, and for a time master of the school; b. c. 840; d. at St. Gall Apr. 6, 912. He is thought to have been the teacher and adviser mentioned in the " Book of Forms " of Solomon III., bishop of Constance, and in this case would be also the author of the Notatio on Biblical expositors. He certainly compiled the martyrology which bears his name; but his fame rests chiefly on the sequences composed by him. The impressive antiphon Media vita (translated in the burial service of the Anglican Prayer-book) was incorrectly ascribed to him in the later Middle Ages. Recent investigation, on the other hand, has confirmed the old theory that he was the author of the remarkable book on Charlemagne attributed to " a monk of St. Gall " for which the impulse was given by a visit of the Emperor Charles III. to the abbey in 883; and he also made a continuation of the chronicle of Erchambert. Modern discoveries have notably enlarged the circle of his known works, and incited a recent German writer, Von Winterfeld, to claim for him the title of the greatest poet of the Middle Ages. He was considered a saint as early as the eleventh century, but his formal canonization did not take place until 1513.
2. Notker Medicus (Piperis Granum): Cellarer and guest-master at St. Gall; d. Nov. 12, 975. He was summoned to the court of Otto I. to exercise his medical skill, and left a considerable name also as a painter, a poet, and a teacher. Otto I. and II. on their visit to the abbey in 972 showed him great honor, and he seems to have acted as a notary for Otto I. at the court at Quedlinburg in drawing up the deed of immunity for the abbey.
3. Nephew of the above; became abbot of St. Gall in 971 on the resignation of Purchard I., and di d Dec. 15, 975.
4. Provost of St. Gall, employed as imperial chaplain in Italy in 969, and bishop of Li6ge from 972 until his death Apr. 10, 1008. He held an important place in the politics of his time, especially in Lorraine under Otto III. and Henry II.
(G. Meyer von Knonau.)
5. Notker Labeo: Later known as Teutonicus from his services as a translator; b. about 950 of a noble German family; d. at St. Gall June 29, 1022. He entered the abbey of St. Gall as a boy. Here, as his works and the testimony of his contemporaries amply show, he acquired a remarkably good education, and ultimately became head of the abbey school, retaining this post until his death. His life was unmarked by external excitement, and therefore all the more diligently devoted to his literary labors. Of these an account is given by his pupil