RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Patriarchs Patristics
and Letter, Fiach'a hymn, and the Tripartite Life by W. M- Hennessy in The Most Ancient Lives of St. Patrick by J. O'Leary, New York, 1874; the life by Muirchu Maccu- Maehtheni and the collections of Tirechan have been edited from a Brussels manuscript by E. Hogan, S. J., in Documenta de S. Patricio, 2 parts, Brussels, 1884-89, reprinted from Analecta Bollandiana, i. 531-585, ii. 35-68; Muirchu's life has been translated and edited by A. Barry, Dublin, 1895; of modern lives the one most often quoted is by J. H. Todd, Dublin, 1864; others are by R. S. Nicholson, ib. 1868; Miss M. F. Cusack, London, 1871; R. Gradwell, Life and Times, Preston, 1886; idem, Succat, London, 1891; W. B. Morris, London, 1890; E. J. Newell, ib. 1890; J. B. Bury, Dublin, 1905; J. Healy, Dublin, 1905; and sketches in W. Walker, Greatest Men of the Christian Church, Chicago, 1908; and by G. F. Maclear, in Apostles of Mediaeval Europe, pp. 29-40, London, 1888.
For criticism and various views consult G. Petrie, On the History and Antiquities of Tara Hill, in the Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy, xviii (1839), Antiquities, pp. 25-232; Sir S. Ferguson, On the Patrician Documents, ib., xxvii (Dec, 1885), Antiquities, pp. 67-134; Lanigan, Eccl. Hist., chaps, ii.-vii. ; C. J. Greith, Geschichte der altirischen Kirche, pp. 95 sqq., Freiburg, 1867; A. P. Forbes, Kalendars of Scottish Saints, pp. 431-434, Edinburgh, 1872; W. D. Killen, The Ecclesiastical History of Ireland, vol. i., chap, i., London, 1875; W. F. Skene, Celtic Scotland, vol. ii., chap, i., Edinburgh, 1877; J. F. Shearman, Loca Patriciana, an Identification of Localities chiefly in Leinster visited by St. Patrick, Dublin, 1882; B. Robert, Elude critique sur la vie et V ceuvre de Saint Patrice, Paris, 1883; A. Bellesheim, Geschichte der katholischen Kirche in Irland, pp. 1-68, Mainz, 1890; T. Olden, The Church of Ireland, chap. ii. and app. A., London, 1892; W. Bright, The Roman See in the Early Church, pp. 367-385, London, 1896. Consult also the literature under Celtic Church in Britain and Ireland.
PATRICK, JOHN: Church of Scotland; b. at Lochwinnoch (15 m. s.w. of Glasgow), Renfrewshire, Sept. 15, 1850. He was educated at the universities of Glasgow (M.A., 1875), Edinburgh (B.D., 1877), and Heidelberg, after which he was minister of High Church, Kilmarnock (1877-80), Monkton and Prestwick Parish (1880-87), and Greenside Parish, Edinburgh (1887-98). Since 1898 he has been regius professor of Biblical criticism and Biblical antiquities in the University of Edinburgh, dean of the faculty of divinity since 1899, and Croall lecturer in 1899-1900. He served also as examiner for the degree of B.D. in Edinburgh University (1880-83) ; convener of the Education Committee of the Church of Scotland (1894-1905); and convener of the education committee of the Heriot trust (1898-1905). In theology he is a liberal conservative. He has translated Origen's apology in reply to Celsus (Edinburgh, 1892) and part of the same writer's commentary on Matthew (1897), and has written Tlie Conservative Reaction in New Testament Criticism (1898).
PATRICK, SIMON: English bishop and commentator, usually classed among the Cambridge Platonists (q.v.); b. at Gainsborough (16 m. n.w. of Lincoln) Sept. 8, 1626; d. at Ely May 31, 1707. He was educated at Queen's College, Cambridge, where he came under the influence of John Smith, the Platonist leader. Though not closely connected with the work of this school, he was much interested in their views, and defended them in his Brief Account of the New Sect of Latitudinarians (London, 1662). He was for a time a Presbyterian minister, but took orders in the Church of England in 1654. He was made prebendary of Westminster in 1672, dean of Peterborough in 1679, Bishop of Chichester VIII.— 25
in 1869. He was a voluminous author, producing fifty-one works, and is best known as a commentator. His commentary on the Old Testament down to the Song of Solomon (10 vols., London, 1695-1710) was very popular for a hundred and fifty years, and was combined with the contemporary work of William Lowth on the Prophets, Richard Arnold on the Apocrypha, Daniel Whitby on all the New Testament except the Apocalypse, and Moses Lowman on that book to make a complete commentary (London, 1809; many subsequent editions). He was one of the five original founders of the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. His Autobiography was published at Oxford in 1839, and complete works were edited by Alexander Taylor (9 vols., Oxford, 1858).
Bibliography: Besides the Autobiography, ut sup., and the literature under Cambridge Platonists, consult: The Memoir of Bishop Patrick by T. Chamberlayne, in the latter's ed. of Patrick's noteworthy Parable of the Pilgrim, London, 1839; J. Hunt, Hist, of Religious Thought in England, 3 vols., ib. 1871-73; J. H. Overton, The Church in England, vol. ii., passim, ib. 1897; W. H. Hutton, The English Church 1625-1714, ib. 1903; DNB, xliv. 45-47:
PATRIPASSIANS. See Christology, II., § § 1, 2;