RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Pericope Perowne
1884; B. Wohlfahrt, Perikopen- und Textbuch, Gotha, 1888; J. L. Kibbon, in Hartford Seminary Record, iii. (1892-93), 292-295; P Batiffol, Hist, du breviare romaine, Paris, 1893; P. Savi, in Revue biblique Internationale, ii (1893), 303-328; C. J. Ellicott, in Expositor, 1896, pp. 241-253; Siona, xxii (1897), 5-11; F. Wiegand, Das Homiliarium Karls der Grossen, Leipsic, 1897; A. C. A. Hall, Use of Holy Scripture in the Public Worship of the Church, New York, 1903; F. Procter and W. H. Frere, New Hist, of the Book of Common Prayer, London, 1905; S. Beissel, Entstehung der Perikopen des romischen Messbtiches, Freiburg, 1907.
PERIODEUTjE (Gk. "travelers, visitors"): Presbyters appointed in the Eastern Church to aid the bishops in rural districts. They were first established by the Phrygian Synod of Laodicea (c. 350), which enacted that no bishops should be appointed for the country regions, but that the periodeutce should be subject to episcopal jurisdiction. This ruling was adopted in the Corpus juris canonici, chap, v., dist. 80; and as the periodeutes was designed to replace the Chorepiscopus (q.v.), the two orders, though distinct, had much in common. The periodeutce had no fixed residence and could not ordain, but were empowered to dedicate baptistries and churches, administer chrism, and supervise the regular and secular clergy. Their prerogatives varied widely at different times and places. The office seems to have survived in the East till the end of the twelfth century, outliving that of chorepiscopus, with which, as with that of Exarch (q.v.), it was often identified. (H. Achelis.)
Bibliography: Bingham, Origines, II., xiv. 12; J. S. Assemani, Bibliotheca orientalis, iii. 2, pp. 829 sqq., Rome, 1728; and older literature noted in Hauck-Herzog, RE, xv. 159.
PERITRACHELION. See Vestments and Insignia, Ecclesiastical.
PERITZ, ISMAR JOHN: Methodist Episcopalian; b. at Breslau, Germany, Jan. 8, 1863. He is of Jewish origin, but in 1880, while in Berlin, became a convert to Christianity. He then went to London, where he entered the Church of England. Three years later he was called to New York City to engage in mission work. Meanwhile, he had become a Methodist Episcopalian, and, after studying for the ministry of that denomination at Drew Theological Seminary (1884-87), held various pastorates until 1895. He pursued advanced studies in Semitics at Harvard from 1892 to 1895 (A.M., 1893; Ph.D., 1898), and since 1896 has been professor of Semitic languages and Biblical literature at Syracuse University, Syracuse, N. Y In theology he is conservatively progressive, standing midway between the traditional and radical extremes.
PERIZZITES. See Canaan, Canaanites, § 10.
PERKINS, JUSTIN: American missionary in Persia; b. at West Springfield, Mass., Mar. 12, i805; d. at Chicopee, Mass., Dec. 31, 1869. He was graduated at Amherst College, 1829; studied at Andover Theological Seminary, and in 1833 was sent by the American Board to the Nestorians in Persia. He established himself at Oroomiah (1834), and for thirty-six years conducted the mission. He translated the Bible into modern Syriac, and also other books. In 1842 he made a tour through the United States, accompanied by Mar Yohanan, an early VIII.— 30
convert, who had been a Nestorian bishop. In 1843 at Teheran he successfully defended the Protestants against misrepresentation and persecution. He wrote: A Residence of Eight Years in Persia among the Nestorian Christians (Andover, 1843)- Missionary Life in Persia (Boston, 1861).
PERKINS, WILLIAM: B. at Marston Jabet in Warwickshire, Eng., in 1558; entered Christ's College, Cambridge, 1577; was chosen fellow of the same in 1582; entered the ministry, and was appointed lecturer at Great St. Andrews, Cambridge. He married in 1590. He was caUed before the High Commission for inquiry as to his participation with Cartwright in the Puritan movement. He seems, however, to have taken little interest in ecclesiastical affairs, but was a High Calvinist and scholastic. He was a powerful preacher. Fuller says, " He would pronounce the word ' damn ' with such an emphasis as left a doleful echo in his auditor's ears a good while after." He was an extreme Calvinist in doctrine. His Armilla aurea, published in 1590 at Cambridge, stirred up Arminius to reply in 1602, and had a great deal to do in bringing on the Arminian controversy, on the continent as well as in England. His catechism, entitled The Foundation of Christian Religion into Six Principles (1592, London, 12mo), made its influence felt in numberless Puritan catechisms in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. He wrote a large number of books and tracts, the most of which were collected, and published in three volumes folio, Cambridge, 1603, London, 1606. He died in 1602. C. A. Briggs.
Bibliography: C. H. and T. Cooper, Athena; Cantabrigienses, ii. 335-341, London, 1861; F. L. Colvile, Worthies of Warwickshire, pp. 573-576, ib. 1870; W. H. Frere, The English Church (1558-1826), pp. 343-345, ib. 1904; DNB, xlv. 6-9.
PEROWNE, JOHN JAMES STEWART: Church of England bishop; b. at Burdwan (60 m. n.n.w. of Calcutta), Bengal, India, Mar. 13, 1823; d. at Southwick, near Tewkesbury, Gloucester, Nov. 6, 1904. He was educated at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge (B.A., 1845; M.A., 1848; B.D., 1856; members' prize Latin essay, 1844, 1846, 1847; and Tyrwhitt Hebrew scholar, 1848). He was ordained deacon, 1847, and priest, 1848; was examiner for classical tripos, 1851-52; select preacher to the university, 1853, 1861, 1873, 1876, 1879, and 1882; vice-principal of St. David's College, Lampeter, 1862-72; examining chaplain to the bishop of Norwich, 1865-78; prebendary of St. Andrew's, and canon of Llandaff Cathedral, 1869-78; prelector in theology in Trinity College, Cambridge, 1872-78; fellow of Trinity College, 1873-75; Hulsean professor of divinity, 1875-78. In 1868 he was Hulsean lecturer; in 1874-75, Margaret preacher; in 1874- 1876, Whitehall preacher. He was a member of the Old-Testament company of Bible revisers, 1870-84, and of the royal commission on ecclesiastical courts, 1881-83. In 1875 he was appointed honorary chaplain to the queen; in 1878, dean of Peterborough; and in 1890 he became bishop of Worcester, but retired in 1901. He was the author of The Book of Psalms, a New Translation, with Notes, Critical and Exegetical (2 vols., London, 1864; 9th ed., 1898); Immortality (Hulsean Lectures for 1868; 1869);
Perpetua Persecution