THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
New York, N. J. Burton of Hartford; and later Lyman Abbott, Newman Smyth, George A. Gordon of Boston, F W Gunsaulus (who began as Methodist) of Chicago, Newell D. Hillis of Plymouth Church, Brooklyn (qq.v.), and the widely known and useful evangelist, D. L. Moody (q.v.), a man of direct end forceful ways7 no great thinker, but deeply in earnest, and a master of assemblies. The Presbyterians had not a few great men, such as John Hall (q.v.), Irish born, but pastor in New York; T. DeWitt Talmage (q.v.), of Brooklyn, sensational and flowery, but popular and effective; the erratic but moving David Swing (q.v.), of Chicago; the venerable and beloved Theodore L. Cuyler; A. T. Pierson, C. H. Parkhurst, D. J. Burrell, M. D. Babcock, G. T. Purves (qq.v.), and others in the North; and in the South Moses D. Hoge (q.v.), of Richmond, and B. M. Palmer (q.v.), of New Orleans, both of them cultured, beloved, and eloquent. The northern Methodists are represented by Bishops Matthew Simpson, J. P Newman, C. H. Fowler, F. T. Bristol, and the Rev. L. A. Banks (qq.v.). Southern Methodists also had some names of strong preachers to their credit, such as Bishops E. M. Marvin, Geo. F. Pierce, A, G. Haygood, A. W. Wilson, J. C. Granberry, J. J. Tigert, C. B, Galloway. Here also belongs the sensational and often rude popular lecturer and preacher, Samuel P. Jones (q.v.), whose fame and work were achieved partly because and partly in spite of his extraordinary pulpit methods. The Baptists had a number of excellent preachers during the period. George C. Lorimer (q.v.), born in Scotland, but active in Boston, Chicago, and New York, was a preacher of commanding abilities of thought and expression; P S. Henson (q.v.), of Philadelphia, Chicago, and Boston, has had a long and brilliant ministry; other notable names of living and dead are those of A. J. Gordon, R. S. MacArthur, T. G. Jones, J. L. Burrows, J. R. Graves, B. H. Carroll, J. B. Hawthorne. But preeminence was cheerfully accorded by his brethren to the devout and scholarly John A. Broadus (q.v.), for a short time pastor at Charlottesville, Virginia, but best known as professor and president of the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, at Louisville, scholar, author, teacher, leader, but above all a tender, simple and persuasive preacher of the gospel. 9. Twentieth-Century Outlook: It is too early in the century to do more than point out that in all English-speaking lands the main elements and forces which ruled the pulpit at the close of the nineteenth century are operative and powerful at the beginning of the twentieth. Social and ethical preaching abounds. The turn of speculative philosophy toward spiritual idealism, instead of the materialism of the preceding age, has been accompanied by a mystical tendency in preaching, both among conservative Evangelicals and advanced critics. Some of the men already named are still active, and there are many others in all the churches to illustrate the varied spirit, aims, and methods of modern preaching in all countries where the English language prevails. E. C. Dakgan.
Bibuography: Much of the literature under Homileticb will be found pertinent, as manuals on the subject often contain a brief history of the pulpit. The works on the
history of the church contain hints of value, and the literature under the articles on the great preachers named in the text is pertinent for details into which this bibliography can not enter. On the history of preaching in general consult: E. C. Dargan, A History of Preaching . . . 70- 167%, New York, 1905 (with a bibliography, which, however, does not give places or dates of publication); John M. Neale, Mediaeval Preachers and Mediaeval Preaching, London, 1856; H. C. Fish, History and Repository of Pulpit Eloquence, 2 vols., New York, 1856-57; J. A. Broadus, Lectures on the History of Preaching, ib., 1876; A. Nebe, Zur Geschichte der Predigt. Charakterbilder der bedeutendsten Kanzelredner, 3 vols., Wiesbaden, 1879; R. Rothe, Geschichte der Predigt von Anfangen bis auf Schleiermacher, Bremen, 1881; G. J. Davies, Successful Preachers. Being Biographical and Critical Sketches of Eminent Preachers, New York, 1884; E. P. Hood, The Throne of Eloquence: Great Preachers, London, 1885; F. H. Wallace, Witnesses for Christ; or, a Sketch of the History of Preaching, Toronto, 1885; F. W. Farrar, Hist of Interpretation, New York, 1886; J. Ker, Lectures on the History of Preaching, London, 1888; G. Longhaye, La Predication. Grandes maitres, Paris, 1888; E. Boucher, L'Eloquence de la chaire. Histoire litteraire, Lille, 1894; J. Telford, A History of Lay Preaching, London, 1897; F. James, The Message and the Messengers; Lessons from the History of Preaching, ib., 1898; T. H. Pattison, The History of Christian Preaching, Philadelphia, 1903.
On the pulpit in different countries — Germany: J. N. Brischar, Die katholischen Kanzelredner Deutschlands in den drei letzten Jahrhunderts, 5 vols., Schaffhausen, 1867- 71 ; C. G. Schmidt, Geschichte der Predigt in der evangelischen Kirche Deutschlands von Luther bis Spener, Gotha, 1872; L. Stiebritz, Zur Geschichte der Predigt in der evangelischen Kirche von Mosheim bis auf die Gegenwart, Gotha, 1876; R. Cruel, Geschichte der deutschen Predigt im Mittelalter, Detmold, 1879; G. Renoux, Les Pridicateurs celebres de VAllemagne, lew vie, lews ceuvres, Paris, 1881; H. Rinn, Kulturgeschichtliches aus deutschen Predigten des Mittelalters, Hamburg, 1883 ; W. Beste, Die bedeutendsten Kanzelredner der altern luther. Kirche von Luther bis zu Spener, 3 vols., Dresden, 1886; A. Linsenmayer, Geschichte der Predigt in Deutschland von Karl dem Grossen zum Anfang des 14- Jahrhunderts, Munich, 1886; K. H. Sack, Geschichte der Predigt in der deutschen evangelischen Kirche von Mosheim bis auf die letzten Jahre von Schleiermacher und Menken, Heidelberg, 1886; F. R. Albert, Die Geschichte der Predigt in Deutschland bis Luther, Gutersloh, 1892-96; A. E. Schoenbach, Studien zur Geschichte der altdeutschen Predigt, Vienna, 1896.
On France: R. Turnbull, The Pulpit Orators of France and Switzerland, New York, 1848; A. Vincent, Hist, dela pridication en langue francaise auXIX. siecle (1800-1866), Geneva, 1871 ; A. Hurel, Les Oratews sacres a la cow de Louis XIV., 2 vols., Paris, 1874; L. Bourgain, La Chaire francaise au XII. siecle d'apris les manuscrits, ib., 1880; P. Jacquinet, Les Pridicateurs du X VII. siecle avant Bossuet, ib., 1885; A. Lecoy de la Marche, La Chaire francaise au moyen Age, ib., 1886; J. Fontaine, La Chaire et I'apologetique au XIX. siecle; itudes critiques et portraits contemporains, ib., 1887; A. Samouillan, Etude sur la chaire et la sociitfs francaise au quinzieme siecle, Toulouse, 1891; P Stapfer, La Grande Predication chritienne en France, Paris, 1898; A. Bernard, Le Sermon au XVIII. siecle. Etude hist, et critique sur la predication en France de 1716 a 1789, ib., 1901; A. de Coulanges, La Chaire francaise au dixhuitieme siecle, ib., 1901; C. H. Brooke, Great French Preachers, 2 vols., London, 1904.
On Great Britain: J. C. Ryle, Christian Leaders of the Last Century, Edinburgh, 1869; J. E. Kempe, Classic Preachers of the English Church, 2 series, London, 1877-78; E. J. Evans, and W. F. Hurndall, Pulpit Memorials, ib., 1878; J. H. Bloom, Pulpit Oratory in the Time of James the First Considered and beautifully Illustrated by Original Examples, A.D., 1620-81-22, ib., 1831; O. Jones, Preachers of Wales, ib., 1885; J. C. Jones, The Welsh Pulpit of To-Day, ib., 1885; W M. Taylor, The Scottish Pulpit from the Reformation, ib., 1887; W. G. Blaikie, Preachers of Scotland, 6th to 19th Century, Edinburgh, 1888; H. Rashdall, The Friars Preachers of the University, Oxford, 1890; E. L. Cutts, Parish Priests and their People in the Middle Ages in England, London, 1898; J. Brown, Puritan Preaching in England, ib., 1900; Liber exemplorum ad usum prosdicantium, ed. A. G. Little, Aberdeen, 1908 (a work