THE NEW SCHAFF-IIFRZOG
prophetic word (II Pet. i. 19), which shines as a light in the darkness until the breaking of the new day, must suffice for the faithful. (Karl Burger-)-.) Bibliography: An important literature is indicated under Messiah, Messiaxism, especially the works of Briggs, Woods, Drummond, Kuenen, Riehm, Orelli, and Dolitzsch. The reader is referred also to the lists of literature under the articles on the individual prophets, also to the literature in and under Biblical Theology, especially the works of Oehler, Schultz, Bennett, and Davidson. Consult further: A. Knobel, Der Prophetismus der Hebraer, 2 parts, Breslau, 1837; F. B. Koster, Die Propheten des A. und N. T nach ihrem W'csen und Wirken, Leipsic, 183$; G. M. Redslob, Der Begriff des Nabi bei den Hebraern, Leipsic, 1839; A. Lee, Inquiry into the Nature, Progress, and End of Prophecy, London, 1849; J. Davison, Discourses on Prophecy: its Structure, Use, and Inspiration, new ed., Oxford, 1856; E. W. Hengstenberg, Christologie des A. 7\,iii. 15S sqq., Berlin, 1857; C. Kohler, Der Prophelismus der Hebraer und die Mantik der Griechen, Darmstadt, 1860; G. F. Oehler, Ueber das Verhaltnis der alttest. Prophetic zur heidnischen Mantik, Tubingen, 1861 ; P Fairbaim, Prophecy, its Distinctive Nature,
Special Function, and Proper Interpretation, Edinburgh, new ed., 1864, reissue. New York, 1866; A. Tholuck, Die Propheten und ihre Weissagung, in the Werke, Gotha, 1S67; A. Dillmann, Ueber die Propheten des alten Bundes nach ihrem politischen Wirksamkeit, Giessen, 1868; A. Le Hir, Les Prophetes d'Israel, Paris, 1868; A. Clissold, The Prophetic Spirit, in its Relation to Wisdom and Madness, London, 1870; E. H. Gifford, Voices of the Prophets, Edinburgh, 1874; C. Bruston, Hist, critique de la litterature prophitique, Paris, 1881; R. A. Redford, Prophecy, its Nature and Evidence, London, 1882; S. Maybaum, Die Entwickelung des israelitischen Prophetenthums, Berlin, 1383; C. von Orelli, Old Testament Prophecy of the Consummation of God's Kingdom, Edinburgh, 1885; Smith, Prophets; E. Havet, La Modernite des prophetes, Paris, 1891; W. H. Simcox, Cessation of Prophecy, London, 1891; J. Darmesteter, Les Prophetes d'Israel, Paris, 1892; G. Meignan, Les Prophetes d'Israel, 2 vols., Paris, 1893- 1894; C. H. Cornill, The Prophets of Israel, Chicago, 1895; G. G. Findlay, Books of the Prophets in their Historical Succession, 3 vols., London, 1896-97; F. X. Leitner, Die prophetische Inspiration, Freiburg, 1896; F. Giesebrecht, Die Berufsbegabung der alttestamentlichen Propheten, Gottlngen, 1897; A. F. Kirkpatrick, The Doctrine of the Prophets, London, 1897; R. Smend, Altteslamenlliche Relijionsgeschichte, 2d ed., Tubingen, 1899; A. Causae, Le Socialisme des prophetes, Montauban, 1900; E. Konig, Das Berufungsbewusstsein der alttestamentlichen Propheten, Barmen, 1900; idem, Prophetenideal, Judentum, Chrjstentum, Leipsic, 1906; F. Walter, Die Propheten in ihrem sozialen Beruf und das Wirtschaflsleben Hirer Zeit, Freiburg, 1900; L. Gautier, Vocations des prophetes, Lausanne, 1901; R. B. Girdlestone, The Grammar of Prophecy, London, 1901; R. Kriitzschmar, Prophet und Seller im alien Israel, Tubingen, 1901; W H. Lockwood, The Prophets of Israel, Chicago, 1901; A. B. Davidson, Old Testament Prophecy, Edinburgh, 1902; W. G. Jordan, Prophetic Idea.i and Ideals: short Studies in the prophetic Literature of the Hebrews, Chicago, 1902; T. MacWilliam, Speakers for God: Lectures on the Minor Prophets, London, 1902; O. Procksch, Geschichtsbetrachtung und geschichtliche I' eberlieferung bei den vorexilischen Propheten, Leipsic, 1902; C. F. A. Lincke, Samaria und seine Propheten, Tubingen, 1903; Rose E. Selfe, The Work of the Prophets, London, 1904; L. W. Batten, The Hebrew Prophet, New York, 1905; Binet-Sangle, Les ProphUes juifs. fyude de psychologie morbide, Paris, 1905; L. Franckh, Die Prophetie in der Zeil vor Amos, Gfitersloh, 1905; P Kleinert, Die Profeten Israels in socialer Brziehung, Leipsic, 1905; E. A. Edghill, The Evidential Value of Prophecy, London, 1906; J. Reville, Le Prophitisme Hibreu, Paris, 1906; F. C. Eiselen, The Minor Prophets, New York, 1907; idem, Prophecy and Prophets in their Historical Relations, ib. 1909; G. Rtosch, Die Propheten Israels in reliaionsQeschichtiieher Wilrdioung, pp. vii., 569, Gutersloh, 1907; P. de Buck, De Profeten van Israel, Rotterdam, 1908; W. H. Bennett, The Religion of the Post Exilic Prophets, new ed., Edinburgh, 1909; M. Jnstrow, Ro'eh nnd Hozeh in the O. T.. in JBL, xxviii. 1 (1909), 42 sqq.; G. C. Joyce, The Inspiration of Prophecy, London, 1910.
PROPHESYING: A means of promoting the knowledge and understanding of the Scriptures by means of discussions in common became customary among some of the Reformed churches. Although often confused with the