THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
and to make his wife its president. After the count's death in 1815, she came into contact with the Moravians, for whom she entertained the highest esteem; she was also led to preside at private devotional meetings which were almost sectarian in character. In 1837 the countess was the prime mover in the settlement of the Zillerthalers (q.v.) near Erdmannsdorf and in providing for their instruction in Protestantism, even though she was confronted by opposition and discouragement. The closing decade and a half of the life of the countess of Reden was devoted chiefly to her Bible society and to the new edition of the Hirschberg Bible (Hirschberg, 1844; see Bibles, Annotated, and Bible Summaries, I., 5), which, under the patronage of Frederick William IV of Prussia, was destined to replace the rationalistic Schtdlehrerbibel of Gustav Friedrich Dinter (q.v.).
(Otto Dibelius.)
Bibliography: E. F. Reuss, Friederike, Cfrafin von Reden, Berlin, 1888; E. Gebhardt, Grafin Friederike von Reden, Diesdorf, 1906; ADB, xxvii. 513.
REDENBACHER, re'den-baH"er, CHRISTIAN WILHELM ADOLF: Bavarian Lutheran, conspicuous for his rigid Protestant position; b. at Pappenheim (37 m. s.w. of Nuremberg) July 12, 1800; d. at Dornhausen (a village in the valley of the Altmuhl) July 14, 1876. He was educated at Erlangen (1819-23), and after five years of work as a private tutor and vicar became, in 1828, pastor at the village of Jochsberg. Here he was a sturdy opponent of rationalism, particularly in the columns of the Homiletisch-liturgisches Korrespondenzblatt, and he became known as a writer of popular devotional works also. Redenbacher achieved his chief fame, however, by his public remonstrance, while pastor at Sulzkirchen, against the order of the Bavarian ministry of war requiring all soldiers, including Protestants, to genuflect to the blessed sacrament when carried in procession (see Kneeling Controversy in Bavaria). In 1841 he declared such acts on the part of Protestants to be idolatrous, and in the following year he advocated open defiance of the order. In Oct., 1843, he was summoned before the military court at Nuremberg, and in January he was suspended for disturbing the peace by misuse of religion. He now retired to Nuremberg to await the outcome of his trial, and in Mar., 1845, was sentenced by the supreme court to a year's imprisonment. Such excitement had now been aroused among the Protestants, however, that the king remitted Redenbacher's imprisonment, although he still remained suspended. In 1846 the sympathy felt for Redenbacher outside of Bavaria resulted in his call to the pastorate of Sachsenburg in Saxony. Here he resumed literary activity, vigorously opposing the freethinking and revolutionary tendencies surrounding him. Meanwhile conditions had so changed in Bavaria that Redenbacher could accept a call, in 1852, to the pastorate of Grosshaslach, where he remained until 1860, when he was called to Dornhausen, holding the latter pastorate until his death.
The principal works of Redenbacher were: Wahrheit und Liebe (Nuremberg, 1842); Simon von Cana (1842; these two being his protests against genuflection); ChrisMches AUerlei (4 vols., Nuremberg,
1844-76); Ein/ache Betrachtungen, das Game der Heilslehre umfassend (2 vols., 1844-45) ; Das Lichtfreundthum (Dresden, 1846); GeschichUiche Zeugnisse fur den Glauben (2 vols., Dresden and Calw 1846-69); Kurze Reformationsgeschichte (Calw, 1856); Lesebuch der Weltgeschichte (3 vols., 1860- 1867); Betrachtungen bei Leichengangnissen (Ansbach, 1869); Evangelienpostille (Schweinfurt, 1876) • and the posthumous Epistelpostille (ed. by his son, T. Redenbacher, with a brief biographical sketch; Erlangen, 1878). He likewise edited the Neueste Volksbibliothek (7 vols., Dresden, 1847-53), and collected many of his own contributions in his Volksund Jugendschriften (6 vols., Schweinfurt, 1871-75).
(E. Dorn.) Bibliography : Worte der Erinnerung an C. W A. Redenbacher, Ansbach, 1876; F. Reuter, Die Erlanger Burschenschaft 1816-33, Erlangen, 1896; E. Dorn, in Beitrage zur bayerischen Kirchengeschichte, v. 1—2 (1898); Bachmann, in Monatsschrift fiXr Innere Mission, June, 1900; ADB, xxvii. 516-518.
REDPATH, HENRY ADENEY: Church of England; b. at Forest Hill, London, June 19, 1848; d. in London Sept. 24, 1908. He was educated at Queen's College, Oxford (B.A., 1871), and was ordered deacon in 1872 and ordained priest in 1874. He was curate of Southam (1872-75) and Luddesdown (1876-80); vicar of Wolvercote (1880-83); rector of Holwell Dorset (1883-90); and vicar of Sparsholt (1890-98); and rector of St. Dunstan-in- East, London, after 1898, also examining chaplain to the bishop of London after 1905. He was also public examiner at Oxford in 1893-94, 1898-99, and 1903, and Grinfeld lecturer on the Septuagint in the same university in 1901-05. He published Concordance to the Septuagint (in collaboration with E. Hatch; Oxford, 1896 sqq.) and Christ the Fulfilment of Prophecy (London, 1907).
REED, ANDREW: English philanthropist and Independent; b. at London Nov. 27, 1787; d. there Feb. 25, 1862. He entered Hackney College as a theological student in 1807; was ordained in 1811; was pastor of New Road Chapel, 1811-31, and of Wyclif Chapel, 1831-61. He founded the London Orphan Asylum (1813-15), the Infant Orphan Asylum (1827), Reedham, another orphan asylum (1844), an asylum for idiots (1847), and the Royal Hospital for Incurables (1855); thus establishing philanthropies at an expense of $636,600. He published No Fiction (2 vols., London, 1819); Narrative of the Visit to the American Churches (2 vols., 1836); and Charges and Sermons (1861). In hymnology he issued A Supplement to Dr. Watts'* Psalms and Hymns (1817), and The Hymn Book: Prepared from Dr. Watts's Psalms and Hymns (1842). The latter contained twenty-seven hymns by himself, one of which was " Holy Ghost J with light divine ; and nineteen by his wife, Elizabeth Holmes before her marriage, one of which was " Oh, do not let the word depart."
Bibliography: A. and C. Reed, Memoirs of the Wean* Philanthropic Labours of Andrew Reed, with betecnom, from his Journals, 3d ed., London, 1867 (by his sons), S. W. Duffield, English Hymns, p. 218, New York, 1K». Julian, Hymnology, pp. 953-954; DNB, xlvu. 388-389. REED, RICHARD CLARK: Southern Presbyterian; b. at Harrison, Tenn., Jan. 24, 1851. He