RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Religious Pedagogy Remonstrants
Bibliography: Hist, litteraire de la France, vi. 99 sqq.; A. Ebert, Allgemeine Geschichte der Litteratur des Mittelalters, iii. 234, Leipsic, 1887; Ceillier, Auteurs sacres, xii. 753-760; NA, 1901, p. 563.
REMIGIUS OF LYONS: Archbishop of that city; d. there Oct. 28, 875. Nothing is known of him prior to his elevation to the episcopate on Mar. 31, 852. He played a prominent part in French ecclesiastical history. He was Archicapellanus (q.v.) from 855 to 863, which was a position of great influence. He figures among the leading members of several synods, indeed presided over the Synod of Valence in 855. He participated in the predestination controversy which had been precipitated on the church by the unhappy monk Gottschalk (q.v.), whom, like some other leaders, he defended. This brought him up against the still more powerful Hincmar, who, in the Synod of Chiersy held in 853, got the endorsement of his four chapters on predestination. But these the synod of Valence refused to ratify and, on the contrary, passed six canons (Hefele, Conciliengeschichte, iv. 193 sqq.) against Hincmar's position, and they were reaffirmed by the Synod of Langres in 859, which was proof of Remigius' influence. In the national Synod of Savonieres which immediately followed Remigius presented these canons to Charles the Bald.
Remigius was an able and faithful prelate. When he came into his rule he found that certain sources of revenue which he thought properly belonged to his diocese had been taken from it. He set about regaining this lost revenue and brilliantly succeeded. For these and other services his grateful people canonized him. Various writings have been attributed to him, but he does not seem to have been a writer and the attributions are probably false. Bibliography: Bouquet, Receuil, viii. 388 sqq.; Ceillier,
Auteurs sacres, xii. 614 sqq.; ASB, Oct., xii. 878 sqq.;
Hist, litteraire de la France, v. 449 sqq.
REMIGIUS OF REIMS: Bishop of that city; b. at Laon (87 m. n.e. of Paris) about 437; d. at Reims, probably Jan. 13, 532 or 533. In his twentysecond year he became bishop; and his fame rests upon the record, according to Gregory of Tours, of his converting the Frankish king Clovis to Christianity (baptized, Christmas, 496) . With this is connected the legend of the ampulla (see Ampullae). It had its origin with Hincmar of Reims (q.v.). When Remigius crowned Charles the Bald at Metz (869) the sacred oil was produced and alleged to have been used by Remigius at the consecration of Clovis. This was to validate the right of the king of the West Franks over Lotharingia by establishing a connection, if traditional, with the Merovingians. The vial reappeared at the coronation of Philip II. in 1179 and was broken by a revolutionist in 1793. That Remigius exerted influence over Clovis and his sons may be surmised but can not be substantiated in detail, owing to the legendarycharacter of the records. The letter in which Pope Hormisdas appears to have appointed him vicar of the kingdom of Clovis is proved to be spurious; it is presumed to have been an attempt of Hincmar to base his pretensions for the elevation of Reims to the primacy, following the alleged precedent of Remigius. Four letters of Remigius are all that are IX.— 31
preserved of his writings (ed. Gundlach, in MGH, Epist., iii. 112-116). (A. Hauck.)
Bibliography: For review of the literature on Remigius: H. Jodart, Bibliographic des ouvrages concernant la vie et le culte de S. Remi, Reims, 1891. For early sources consult: The Vita, formerly ascribed to Venantius Fortunatus, in ASB, Oct., i. 128-131, with commentary, pp. 59-128; MPL, Ixxxviii. 527-532; and ed. B. Krusch, in MGH, Auct. ant., iv. 2 (1885), 64-67, with commentary, pp. xxii.-xxiv (the Vita gives little information). Other materials of little value are in ASB, Oct., i. 167-176; MPL, cxxv. 1187-98; and Analecta Bollandiana, iv (1885), 337-343. Further sources are: Gregory of Tours, Historia Francorum, ii. 27, 31, viii. 21, ix. 14, x. 19; idem. In gloria confessorum, lxxix. ; and Sidonius Apollinaris, Epist., ix. 7. Consult further: F. Dahn, Urgeschichte der germanischen und romanischen V biker, iii. 49—61, Berlin, 1885; J. Dorigny, Vie de S. Remi, Chalons, 1714; P. Armand, Hist, de St. Remi, Paris, 1846; H. Rvickert, Kulturgeschichte, vol. i., chaps, xii.-xiv., Leipsic, 1853; P. Heber, Die vorkarolingischen christlichen Glavbenshelden am Rhein, Frankfort, 1858; C. von Noorden, Hinkmar, pp. 393 sqq., Berlin, 1863; H. Schrors, Hinkmar, pp. 446-454, 508-512, Freiburg, 1884; E. d'Avenay, Saint Remi de Reims, Reims, 1896; L. Carlier, Vie de Saint Remi, Paris, 1896; A. Handecceur, Saint Remi, eveque de Reims, Paris, 1896; Hist, litteraire de la France, iii. 66 sqq., 155 sqq., Friedrich, KD, vol. ii., § 5; Hauck, KD, i. 119-120; DCB, iv. 541-542.