THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
finem sceculi tertii decimi (1713); and Liturgiarum orientalium collectio (2 vols., 1715-16; Eng. transl., A Collection of the Principal Liturgies, P. Le Brun, Dublin, 1822). Mention should also be made of his Anciennes relations des Indes et de la Chine de deux voyageurs mahomitans (Paris, 1718; Eng. transl., Ancient Accounts of India and China, London, 1733.)
(C. Pfendee.)
Bibliography: Niceron, Memoires, xii. 25 sqq., xx.; Bore, Hist, de Vacademie des inscriptions, vol. v., Journal des savants, 1689, Paris, 1709; KL, x. 1054-55; Lichtenberger, ESR, xi. 210-211.
REND ALL, GERALD HENRY: Church of England; b. at Harrow (10 m. n.w. of London) Jan. 25, 1851. He was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge (B.A., 1874; fellow, 1875; M.A., 1877; B.D., 1909), where he was fellow and assistant tutor until 1880; was made deacon, 1898, and priest, 1899; was lecturer and assistant tutor at Trinity College, Cambridge (1875-80); was principal and Gladstone professor of Greek at University College, Liverpool (1881-98) ; vice-chancellor of Victoria University (1890-94); a member of the Gresham University Committee (1892-93); and Lady Margaret preacher at Cambridge, 1901. Since 1898 he has been head master of the Charterhouse School. In theology he is a liberal Anglican. He prepared an edition, translation, and commentary of the Epistle of Barnabas for W Cunningham's Dissertation on the Epistle of Saint Barnabas (2 parts, London, 1877) and the life of Pliny for J. E. B. Mayor's edition of the third book of the Epistolce (1880), besides translating the " Meditations " of Marcus Aurelius (1898); and has written The Emperor Julian, Paganism, and Christianity (Cambridge, 1879) ; The Cradle of the Aryans (London, 1889) ; and The Epistles of St. Paul to the Corinthians: a Study personal and historical of the Date and Composition of the Epistles (1909).
RENDTORFF, FRANZ: German Protestant; b. at Giitergotz (a village near Potsdam) Aug. 1, 1860. He was educated at the universities of Kiel, Erlangen, and Leipsic from 1879 to 1883. He was Domkandidat at Berlin in 1883-84; pastor at Westerland-Sylt (1884-88) ; preacher at the theological seminary at Eisenach (1888-91), monastery preacher at Preetz (1891-96), and director of studies at the preachers' seminary in the same city (1896-1902); privat-docent for practical theology in the University of Kiel (1902-08) ; professor of the same (1908- 1910); removed to Leipsic in the same capacity in 1910. He has written Die schleswig-holsteinischen Schulordnungen vom sechzehnten bis zum Anfang des achtzehnten Jahrhunderts (Kiel, 1902) and Die Taufe im Urchristentum im Lichte der neueren Forschungen (Leipsic, 1905).
RENEE, re-ne', OF FRANCE (RENATA OF FER- RARA) : French Protestant, daughter of King Louis XII. of France and wife of Ercole II., duke of Ferrara; b. at Blois (100 m. s.w. of Paris) Oct. 25, 1510; d. at Montargis (38 m. e. of Orleans) June 12, 1575. Having been early orphaned, she was brought up by the devout Madame de Soubise. She was married in Apr., 1528, and received from Francis I. an ample dowry and annuity. Thus the court that
she assembled about her in Ferrara corresponded to the tradition which the cultivation of science and art implicitly required, including scholars like Bernardo Tasso and Fulvio Pellegrini. Her first child Anna, born in 1531, was followed by Alfonso, in 1533; Lucrezia, 1535; after these, Eleonora and Luigi; whose education she carefully directed. In 1534 the old duke died, and Ercole succeeded to the throne. Hardly had he rendered his oath of allegiance to the pope when he turned against the French at his own court. Both their number and influence displeased him; and, besides, he found them too expensive; so he by direct or indirect means secured their dismissal, including the poet Clement Marot. And while the Curia was urging the duke to put away the French that were suspected of heresy, there came to Ferrara no less a heretic than John Calvin, whose journey to Italy must have fallen in Mar. and Apr., 1536. Calvin passed several weeks at the court of Renee, though the persecution had already begun, and about the same time a chorister by the name of Jehannet, also one Cornillan, of the attendants of the duchess, together with a cleric of Tournay, Bouchefort, were taken prisoners and tried. In a " man of small stature," whom the Inquisition likewise seized as under suspicion, although he made his escape, is to be recognized not Calvin, but Clement Marot.
McCrie, Bonnet, and others have asserted that Renee's attitude toward the Reformation in Italy was favorable. Fontana, reinforced by much new material, has strongly combatted this view, although he must admit that the visit of Calvin speaks against his contention. Cornelius also combats the inference drawn from Calvin's visit. But both Fontana and Cornelius were unacquainted with the decisive documents brought to light by Paolo Zendrini in 1900. These show that Ren6e was not only in correspondence with a very large number of Protestants abroad, with intellectual sympathizers like Vergerio, Camillo Renato, Giulio di Milano, and Francisco Dryander, but also that on two or three occasions, about 1550 or later, she partook of the Lord's Supper in the Evangelical manner together with her daughters and fellow believers. Meanwhile, notwithstanding its external splendor, her life had grown sad. The last of her French guests, the daughter and son-in-law of Madame de Soubise of Pons, had been obliged, in 1543, by the constraint imposed by the duke, to leave the court. The drift of the Counter-Reformation, which had been operative in Rome since 1542, led to the introduction of a special court of the Inquisition at Ferrara, in 1545, through which, in 1550 and 1551, death sentences were decreed against Evangelical sympathizers (Fannio of Faenza and Giorgio of Sicily), and executed by the secular arm. Finally Duke Ercole lodged accusation against Ren6e before King Henry II. of France, and through the Inquisitor Oriz, whom the king charged with this errand, Ren6e was arrested as a heretic, and declared forfeit of all possessions unless she recanted. She thereupon yielded, made confession on Sept. 23, 1554, and once again received communion at mass. " How seldom is there an example of steadfastness among aristocrats," wrote Calvin to Farel under date of Feb. 2, 1555.