THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
siastica (Leipsic, 1541); De abusibus ecclesiasticis sive erroribus pontificiorum (1546); De admirabili Dei consilio in celando mysterio redemption is humance (Basel, 1545); De fiducia salutis -propter Christum (1552); and De religions et quo pacto se in hisce dissidiis gercrc jurcntus debeat. Some of his ethical works are still worth reading, among them De conscientia bona mentis (Leipsic, 1541); De perpetuo in tcrris gaudio piorum (Basel, 1550); De vita et moribus Christianorum (1552); and De stultitia mortalium in procrastinanda vitce correctione (n.d.; Eng. transl. by J. Bankes, London [1550?], and T. Rogers, London [1582]). To the department of practical theology, finally, belong his De consolandis cegrotantibus (Basel, 1546) and De officio pastorali (1549). One of his writings was translated into English by W G(ace) as A Guide unto Godli- 7ics.se, moste worthy to bee followed of all true Christians (London, 1579). Georg Muller.
Bibliography: The Opera, vol. i., pp. a2 to b3. contain a Vita by Georg Fabricius, Basel, 1562, new ed., 1614, and this was often printed separately, e.g., Meissen, 1843. Consult further: K. Kirchncr, Adam Siber, pp. 9-19, 39, 67, 151-164, Chemnitz, 1887; ADB, xxviii. 709-713.
ROBBER COUNCIL. See Etjtychianism, § 3.
ROBBINS, WILFORD LASH: Protestant Episcopalian; b. at Boston Aug. 7, 1859. He was graduated from Amherst College (A.B., 1881) and the Cambridge Episcopal Theological School (1884). He was ordered deacon in the same year and priested in 1885. He was rector of the Church of Our Redeemer, Lexington, Mass. (1883-87), and dean of All Saints' Cathedral, Albany, N. Y. (1887-1903). Since 1903 he has been dean of the General Theological Seminary, New York City. He has written An Essay toward Faith (New York, 1900) and A Christian Apologetic (1902).
ROBERT D' ARBISSEL. See Fontevrault, Order OF.
ROBERT OF CITEAUX. See Cistercians, § 1.
ROBERTS, WILLIAM HENRY: Presbyterian; b. at Holyhead (67 m. w. of Liverpool), Wales, Jan. 31, 1844. He was educated at the College of the City of New York (A.B., 1863); was statistician in the United States Treasury Department (1863- 1865) and assistant librarian of Congress, Washington, D. C. (1866-71); graduated from Princeton Theological Seminary (1873). He was then pastor of the Presbyterian church at Cranford, N. J. (1873- 1877); librarian at Princeton Theological Seminary (1878-86); professor of practical theology at Lane Theological Seminary, Cincinnati, O. (1886-93); acting pastor of the Fourth Presbyterian Church, Trenton, N. J. (1895-1900); and since 1884 stated clerk and treasurer of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America. He has been American secretary of the Alliance of the Reformed Churches throughout the World since 1888, chairman of the Committee on Church Cooperation and Union of the General Assembly since 1903, and secretary of the Inter- Church Conference on Marriage and Divorce since the same year. In addition to editing the Minutes of the General Assembly (27 vols., Philadelphia, 1884-1910) and Addresses at the Two Hundred and
Fiftieth Anniversary of the Westminster Assembly (1898), he has written, History of the Presbyterian Church (Philadelphia, 1888); The Presbyterian System (1895); Laws relating to Religious Corporations (1896); and Manual for Ruling Elders (1897).
ROBERTSON, ALEXANDER: Presbyterian; b. at Edinburgh, Scotland, Nov. 30, 1846. He was educated at the University of Edinburgh and has held pastorates at South Ronaldshay, Orkney (1875-81), San Remo, Italy (1881-90), and Venice, Italy (since 1890). He has lectured extensively in Great Britain on the religious condition of Italy, the ancient republic of Venice, and similar topics, and has written Count Campobello and Catholic Reform in Italy (London, 1891); Fra Paolo Sarpi, the Greatest of the Venetians (1894); Through the Dolomites from Venice to Toblach (1896) ; The Bible of St. Mark: St. Mark's Church, the Altar and Throne of Venice (1898); The Roman Catholic Church in Italy (1902); Venetian Sermons (1905); and The Papal Conquest: Italy's Warning — " Wake up, John Bull " (1909).
ROBERTSON, ARCHIBALD: Church of England, bishop of Exeter; b. at Sywell (6 m. n.e. of Northampton), Northamptonshire, June 29, 1853. He was educated at Trinity College, Oxford (B.A., 1876), where he was fellow from 1876 to 1886 and dean from 1879 to 1883, and honorary fellow since 1903. He was ordered deacon in 1878 and ordained priest in 1882. He was principal of Bishop Hatfield's Hall, Durham (1883-97); principal of King's College, London (1897-1903); fellow of the same institution after 1899; member of the Senate of the University of London (1899-1903); and vicechancellor of the same (1902-03). In 1903 he was consecrated bishop of Exeter. He was examining chaplain to the bishop of Bristol in 1897, Boyle lecturer in 1900, and Bampton lecturer in the following year. Besides performing his duties as editor of Handbooks of Theology from 1896 to 1903, he has edited and translated the De Incarnatione of Athanasius (2 vols., London, 1884-93) ; prepared Select Works of St. Athanasius for The Nicene and Post- Nicene Fathers, 2d series, vii. (London, 1892); and written Regnum Dei (Bampton lectures; 1901) and The Roman Claims to Supremacy (1902).
ROBERTSON, ARCHIBALD THOMAS: Baptist; b. near Chatham, Va., Nov. 6, 1863. He was educated at Wake Forest College, Wake Forest, N. C. (A.M., 1885), and Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, Louisville, Ky. (Th.M., 1888). Since 1888 he has been connected with the latter institution, where he has been instructor in New- Testament interpretation (1888-92), professor of Biblical introduction (1892-95), and professor of New-Testament interpretation (since 1895). He has written Critical Notes to Broadus's Harmony of the Gospels (New York, 1893); Life and Letters of John A. Broadus (Philadelphia, 1900); Syllabus of New Testament Greek Syntax (Louisville, 1900); Bibliography of New Testament Greek (1903); Teaching of Jesus concerning God the Father (New York, 1904); Students' Chronological New Testament (1904); Keywords in the Teaching of Jesus (Philadelphia, 1906); Syllabus for New Testament Study (Louisville, 19;<G);