ANISM, VI.
SABIANS. SeeMANDEANs.
SABINE, WILLIAM TUFNELL: Reformed Episcopal bishop; b. in New York City Oct. 16, 1838. He was graduated from Columbia University, (A.B., 1859) and at the General Theological Seminary, New York City (1862), being ordered deacon in the Protestant Episcopal Church in the same year and ordained priest in 1863. After being curate of St. George's, New York City (1862-63), he was rector of the Church of the Covenant, Philadelphia (1863-65), and of the Church of the Atonement, New York City (1866-74). In 1874, on the formation of the Reformed Episcopal body, he withdrew from the Protestant Episcopal Church, and from that year to 1907 was pastor of the First Reformed Episcopal Church, New York City. In 1902 he was elected bishop of the New York and Philadelphia Synod of the Reformed Episcopal Church.
SABINIAN, sa"bin'i-an: Pope 604-606. He was born at Volterra (32 m. s.w. of Florence), Italy, in the sixth century. Though only a deacon, he was elected on Sept. 13, 604, to succeed Gregory I., who had once sent him as nuncio to Byzantium. The only known events of his pontificate are his endeavors to relieve a severe famine, but even these efforts do not seem to have saved him from the hatred of the Roman populace [aroused by his avarice and cruelty to the poor]. (A. Hauck.)
Bibliography: Sources are: Liber pontificalis, ed. L. Duchesne, 2 vols., Paris, 1886-92, and ed. T. Mommsen, in MGH, Gest. pont. Bom., i. 1 (1898), 163; and Paul the Deacon's Vita Gregorii I., in MPL, lxxv. 41 sqq. Consult: R. Baxmann, Die Politik der Papste von Gregor I. bis auf Gregor VII., i. 149, Elberfeld, 1868; F. Gregorovius, Hist, of . Borne in the Middle Ages, ii. 104-105, London, 1894; Mann, Popes, i. 251-259; Bower, Popes, i. 424-425; Platina, Popes, i. 140-141; Milman, Latin Christianity, ii. 262-264.
SABTAH. See Table of the Nations, § 6.
SACCHONI, sach-o'ni, RAINERIO: Roman Catholic inquisitor; d. after 1262. His birthplace was Piacenza, but nothing is known of his early years. He joined the Cathari (see New Manicheans, II.) and was one of them for seventeen years, attaining the dignity of bishop. He was brought back to the faith of the Church apparently by the preaching of Peter of Verona (q.v.) and the Dominican Moneta (d. about 1235). When Peter Martyr was murdered at Como in 1252 at the instigation of the Cathari, Rainerio was appointed in his place as inquisitor in Lombardy. In 1259, the heretics succeeded in driving him out of Milan. He had induced Alexander IV to put under the ban Uberto Pallacino, a distinguished personage of Milan, who favored the Cathari. Uberto obtained a decision of the Podesta banishing Rainerio (Muratori, Scriptores, xvi. 662). The last known of Rainerio is that he was summoned to Rome on July 31, 1262, by Urban IV to consult on important matters. The year of his death is unknown. Rainerio is important for his account of the Cathari. His Summa de Chataris et Leonistis,
Sachau Sachsse
THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
obviously intended for the information of the Inquisition, is still the most important source for the history and doctrines of that obscure sect, though it no longer exists in its original form. It was first published by Gretser (Liber contra Waldenses, Ingolstadt, 1613), but it is doubtful whether other writings are not included with it; also in E. Martene and U. Durand, Thesaurus novum auecdotorum, v. 1775 sqq. (Paris, 1717). (F. Cohrs.)
Bibliography: J. Quetif and J. Echard, Scriptores ordinis prcedieatorum, i. 154 sqq., ii. 817, Paris, 1719-21; A. Touron, Hist, des hommes illustres de Vordre de St. Dominique, i. 313 sqq., ib. 17-13; J. C. L. Gieseler, De Rainerii gumma commentatio critica, Gottingen, 1834; A. W Dieckhoff, Die Waldenser im Mittelalter, pp. 152 sqq., ib. 1S51; W. Preger, Geschichte der deutschen Mystik im Mittelalter, i. 168 sqq., Leipsic, 1S74; H. Reuter, Geschichte der religibsen Aufklarung im Mittelalter, ii. 317, Berlin, 1S77; K. Muller, Die Waldenser, pp. 147-148, Gotha, 1886; KL, x. 1452-53; H. C. Lea, Hist, of the Inquisition in the Middle Ages, vol. ii. passim, New York, 1906.
SACHAU, sac'au, EDUARD: Orientalist; b. at Xeumiinster (36 m. n. of Hamburg) July 20, 1845. In 1869 he became extraordinary professor of Semitic languages at .Vienna, and was advanced to ordinary professor in 1872; went to Berlin as professor of oriental languages, 1876; traveled in Syria and Mesopotamia, 1879-80, and 1897-98; became director of the oriental seminary at Berlin, 1887; and received civil recognition as councilor in 1906. He has written or edited: De Aljavaligi ejusque opere (Halle, 1867); Theodori Mopsuesteni fragmenta Syriaca (Leipsic, 1869); Inedita Syriaca; eine Sammlung syrischen Uebersetzungen von Schriften griechisclier Profanliteratur (Vienna, 1870); The Chronology of Ancient Nations. An English Version of the Arabic Text of the Athar-ul-bakiya of Albiruni (London, 1879) ; Syrisch-romisches Rechtsbuch aus dean 5. Jahrhundert (Leipsic, 1880; in collaboration with C. G. Bruns); Reise in Syrien und M esopotamien (1883); Albiruni' s India (London, 1888) ; Indo-Arabische Studien zur Aussprache und Geschichte des Indischen in der ersten Halfte des 11. Jahrhunderts (Berlin, 1888); Muhammedanisches Erbrecht von Zanzibar und Ost-Afrika (1894); Skizze des Fellichi-Dialckts von Mosul (1895); Ueber die Poesie in der Volkssprache der Nestorianer (1896); Muhammedanisches Recht nach schafiitischer Lehre (1897); Am Euphrat und Tigris. Reise Notizen 1897-98 (Leipsic, 1900); Drei aramdische Papyrus-Urkunden aus Elefantine (Berlin, 1908); and Ibn Saad's Biographien Muhammeds (Leyden, 1908-09); besides a considerable number of smaller brochures dealing with various inscriptions and other matters of oriental and Biblical interest.
SACHEVERELL, su-shev'er-el, HENRY: Church of England; b. at Marlborough (70 m. w. of London), Wiltshire, about 1674; d. at The Grove (13 m. n.w. of London), Highgate, Middlesex, June 5, 1724. He was graduated at Oxford (B.A., 1693; M.A., 1695; B.D., 1707); was senior dean of arts of Magdalen College, 1708, and bursar in 1709; and was appointed preacher at St. Saviour's, Southwark, in 1705. Ir 1709 he preached two sermons which, on account of their political bearing, gave the gravest offense to the ministry and the majority of parliament (whigs). He was impeached for libel by the
house of commons; and in 1710 he was convicted by the peers, and suspended for three years from the ministry. He was ardently supported, however, by the tories, the clergy, and the country squires; and the excitement caused by his trial contributed much to the defeat of the whigs in the general election of 1710 and the downfall of Sidney Godolphin and his colleagues. In 1713 he was made rector of St. Andrew's, Holborn, in which position he died.
Bibliography: F. Madan, A Bibliography of Dr. Henry Sacheverell, privately printed, Oxford, 1887 (indispensable for sources); W. Bisset, The Modern Fanatick, London, 1710 (a violent attack); W. King, Vindication of the Rev. Dr. Henry Sacheverell, ib. 1710 (reply to Bisset); T. Hearne, Remarks and Collections, ed. C. E. Doble for Oxford Historical Society, vols, i.-iii. passim, Oxford, 1885 sqq.; C. A. Lane, Illustrated Notes on English Church History, pp. 205-206, London, 1892; W. H. Hutton, The English Church . (1625-1714), pp. 260-262, ib. 1903;
DNB, 1. 80-83 (has reference to scattering notices).
SACHS, sacs, HANS: German Lutheran poet; b. at Nuremberg Nov. 5, 1494; d. there Jan. 19, 1576. After completing his education at the Latin school of his native city, he was apprenticed, at the age of fifteen, to a shoemaker, and during the two
years following received his first in- His Life, struction in the Meistersinger's art.
After his "wander years" (1511-16), he returned to his native town, where he henceforth resided as a shoemaker and poet. His life falls in the period of Nuremberg's prosperity, and in this city, the home of wealth, art, and learning, he was honored as the master and patriarch of the Meistersingers. The dialect used by him is Bavarian High German. His first work as a Meistersinger was his Bui Scheidelied (1513), but his chief activity began after his return to Nuremberg. At the instance of his friends, he undertook a complete edition of his writings (5 vols., Nuremberg, 1558-79, reprinted, Kempten, 1612-17), which contained 1,462 poems, though he himself prepared only the first three volumes. All forms of poetry are represented — epic, lyric, didactic, and dramatic — and the themes are drawn indifferently from sacred and profane history, legend, descriptions of nature and geography, civil and domestic life, events of the author's own life or the lives of others, and from his own imagination. The sources which he expressly names are more than 120, among the more modern being Boccaccio, S. Brant, Reuchlin, Erasmus, Alberus, and Agricola.
The first volume of the Nuremberg edition of Hans Sachs is opened by his Tragedia von der Schopffung, Fall und Austreibung Ade auss dem Paradeiss, a drama with eleven characters and three acts, written in 1533. This is followed by a poem on the children of Eve, based on the writings of Agricola.
The most important poem drawn from
Principal the New Testament is the tragedy of
Poems. the passion with thirty-one characters
and ten acts, written in 1557 The antagonism between the law and the Gospels is set forth in the tragedy of the last judgment with thirty-four characters and seven acts (155S). From the "golden legend" is drawn Em Comcdi von dem reichen slerbenden Menschen der Hecastus genannt (1549), which treats of a rich man called from the