RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Schelling: Schenkel
J. T. Sohwarz, Schelling' s alte und neue Philosophic, Berlin, 1844; A. J. Matter, Schelling, ou la philosophie de la nature, Paris, 1845; A. Engels, Schelling und die Offenbarung, Leipsic, 1842; C. Kapp, F. W. J. Schelling: ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des Tages, Leipsie, 1843; P. Marheineke, Zur Kritik der schelling schen Offenbarungsphilosophie, Berlin, 1843; C. L. Michelet, Entwickelungsgeschichte der neuesten deutschen Philosophie, Berlin, 1843; C. Rosenkranz, Schelling, Danzig, 1843; C. A. Brandis, Geddchtnissrede auf F. W. J. von Schelling, Berlin, 1856; Fichte's und Schelling' s philosophischer Briefwechsel, Stuttgart, 1856; J. E. Erdmann, Ueber Schelling, namentlich seine negative Philosophie, Halle, 1857; R. Haym, Hegel und seine Zeit, Berlin, 1857; A. Planck, Schelling' s nachgelassene Werke und ihre Bedeutung fur Philosophie und Theologie, Erlangen, 1858; H. Beckers, Schelling' s Geistesentwickelung in ihrem inneren Zusammenhang, Munich, 1875; T. Hoppe, Die Philosophie Schellings und ihr Verhdltniss zum Christenthum, Rostock, 1875; O. Pfleiderer, F. W. J. Schelling: Gedachtnissrede, Stuttgart, 1875; C. Frantz, Schilling's positive Philosophie, 3 parts, Cothen, 1879-80; J. Watson, Schelling' s Transcendental Idealism, Chicago, 1882; R. Gebel, Schelling' s Theorie vom Ich des All-Einen und deren Widerlegung, Berlin, 1885; K. Groos, Die reine V ernunftwissenschaft, Heidelberg, 1889; E. O. Burman, Die Transcendentalphilosophie Fichtes und Schellings, Upsala, 1891; F. Schaper, Schelling' s Philosophie der Mythologie, Nauen, 1893; .idem, Schelling' s Philosophie der Offenbarung, Nauen, 1894; E. von Hartmann, Schelling' s philosophisches System, Leipsic, 1897; L. Roth, Schelling und Spencer, Bern, 1901; K. Fischer, Geschichte der neueren Philosophie, vol. vi., Heidelberg, 1894; idem, Schellings Leben, Werke und Lehre, 3d ed., ib. 1902; M. Adam, Schellings Kunstphilosophie, Leipsie 1907; G. Niehlis, Schelling' s Geschichtsphilosophie in 1799-1804, Heidelberg, 1907.
SCHELWIG, s'hel'vig, SAMUEL: Lutheran theologian and opponent of the Pietists; b. at Lissa (54 m. n.n.w. of Breslau) Mar. 8, 1643; d. at Danzig Jan. 18, 1715. He was the son of a Silesian preacher, and studied at Breslau and at Wittenberg, where he became an adjunct in the philosophical faculty in 1667; he went to Thorn as associate rector of the gymnasium in 1668; to Danzig in 1673, where he was subsequently appointed pastor of Dreifaltigkeitskirche, and rector of the academical gymnasium in 1685. Rigorously orthodox, ambitious, and quarrelsome, he soon became involved in a variety of conflicts. In Danzig he fell into strife with one of his colleagues, Constantine Schutze, the contest taking literary form in tracts and being continued until the city magistracy stopped the dispute (1693). The conflict between Schelwig and Spener then began. What particularly increased and embittered the strife was a journey undertaken by Schelwig through Northern Germany, the purpose of which his opponents asserted to be the forming of a confederation against Pietism. His most comprehensive anti-Pietistic work bears the title Die sektiererische Pietisterei (Danzig, 1696-97), which called forth a number of replies. In Schelwig's Synopsis controversariarum sub pietatis prcetextu motarum (1701, 1703, 1720) he sought to demonstrate 264 Pietistic errors, which evoked replies from J. W Zierold, pastor at Stargard, and J. Lange. Among the many orthodox opposers of Pietism, Schelwig was one of the readiest in equipment, but his methods were bitter and unclerical. C. Mirbt.
Bibliography, J. G. Walch, Religionsstreitigkeiten der evangelisch-lutherischen Kirche, i. 602-603, 739-746, v. 749-750, 849 et passim, Jena, 1733; E. Schnaase, Geschichte der evangelischen Kirche Danzigs, pp. 332-353, Danzig, 1863; S. Schmid, Die Geschichte des Pietismus, pp. 228-236, Nordlingen, 1863; E. Sachsse, Vr sprung
und Wesen des Pietismus, pp. 321-332 Wiesbaden, 1884; A. Ritschl, Geschichte des Pietismus, vol. li. Bonn, 1884; P. Grunberg, Philipp Jakob Spener. i. 297-302, Gottingen, 1893; ADB, xxxi. 30-36.
SCHENCK, FERDINAND SCHUREMAN: Reformed (Dutch); b. in Ulster County, N. Y., Aug. 6, 1845. He was graduated from Princeton University (B.A., 1865; M.A., 1868), Albany Law School (LL.B., 1867), and New Brunswick Theological Seminary (1872); engaged in the practise of law, 1867-69; was licensed by the classis of Ulster, 1872; served as pastor at Clarkstown, N. Y., 1872-77, at Montgomery, 1877-90, at Hudson, 1890-97, and at University Heights, New York City, 1897-99; became professor of practical theology in the New Brunswick Theological Seminary, 1899, where he has since remained, serving also as acting professor of philosophy in Rutgers College, 1904-05, and acting professor of ethics and evidences of Christianity there, 1906-07, also as acting professor of homiletics in Princeton Theological Seminary since 1909. He is the author of The Ten Commandments in the Nineteenth Century (New York, 1889); Bible Reader's Guide (1896); The Ten Commandments and the Lord's Prayer (1902); Modern Practical Theology (1903); Sociology of the Bible (1909) ; and Christian Evidences and Ethics (1910).
SCHENK, JAKOB. See Anttnomiantsm and Antinomian Controversies.
SCHENKEL, shenk'el, DANIEL- Evangelical theologian; b. at Dagerlen, near Winterthur (12 m. n.e. of Zurich), Dec. 21, 1813; d. at Heidelberg May 18, 1885. He bore arms for three years in the Basel war of 1831. In the study of theology he was greatly influenced by W M. L. de Wette (q.v.), by whom he was convinced of the necessity of critical investigation. After a period of study of primitive Christianity and church history at Gottingen, he returned to Basel, where, in 1838, he habilitated with the thesis, Dissertatio critica et historica de ecclesia Corinthia primmva factionibus turbata (Basel, 1838). In the mean time he edited the Baseler Zeitung which opposed the ecclesiastical and political radicalism of the time. In 1841 he was called as head preacher to Schaffhausen. He made important changes in the church organization, and his sermons attracted wide attention, even in the university circle. Schenkel first obtained scientific recognition by the publication of his Wesen des Protestantismus aus den Quellen des Reformationszeitalters dargestellt (3 vols., Schaffhausen, 1846-51), which was supplemented with Das Prinzip des Protestantismus (1852). In 1850, he returned to Basel as professor, his inaugural address being on Die Idee der Personlichkeit (1850). The following year he was called to Heidelberg where he remained until his death.
As university preacher and head of the theological seminary, Schenkel had noteworthy success. A series of events — open opposition to the Jesuit mission at Heidelberg, 1851, protest against the new liturgy of the former Durlach Conference adopted by the synod in 1855, the strife over the agenda in 1858, the transactions concerning the Concordat, 1859, which threatened a combination of the ministry of Stengel and the church regime of Baden — these
Schenkel Scherer