THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
tract societies, the city missions, the schools for morally neglected children, the temperance societies, and others have been created by the Church as a whole for the elevation of all classes.
(John Cairns.)
Bibliography: For the early period the most important literature will be found under Celtic Church; for th3 Presbyterian churches under Presbyterians; other books of importance are under the articles on the worthies of Scotland, such as Columba, John Knox, and others named in the text. For sources use ; Haddan and Stubbs, Councils, vol. ii.; Chronicon Anglo-Scoticum (60 B.c-1189 a.d.)> ed. C. W. Bouterwek, Elberfeld, 1863, Eng. transl. in J. Stevenson's Church Historians of England, London, 1856; Thomas of Burton, Chronica monasterii de Melsa, ed. E. A. 3ond in Rolls Series, no. 43, 3 vols., London, 1866- 1868; Chronica de Mailros (731-1275), ed. J. Stevenson, Edinburgh, 1835, Eng. transl., Chronicle of Melrose, in J. Stevenson's Church Historians of England, London, 1856; A. Theiner, Vetera monumenta Hibernorum et Scotorum historiam illustrantia, 1216-1547, Rome, 1864; Annates Anglice et Scotia (1292-1300), ed. H. T. Riley in Rolls Series, No. 28, vol. ii., London, 1865; R. Hart, Ecclesiastical Records of England . . and Scotland to the Reformation, 2d ed., Cambridge, 1846; J. F. S. Gordon, Ecclesiastical Chronicle for Scotland, 4 vols., Glasgow, i867; M. E. C. Walcott, Scoti-M onasticon, the Ancient Church of Scotland. Hist, of the Cathedrals, Conventual Foundations, and Hospitals, London, 1874.
On the antiquities consult: T. S. Muir, Ecclesiological Notes on the Islands of Scotland, Edinburgh, 1885; W. F. Skene, Celtic Scotland, A vols., new ed., Edinburgh, 1886- 1890; G. Chalmers, Caledonia, 8 vols., Paisley, 1887- 1902; J. Robertson, Scottish Abbeys and Cathedrals, Aberdeen, 1891; H. C. Butler, Scotland's Ruined Abbeys, New York, 1899; M. E. L. Addis, The Cathedrals and Abbeys of Scotland, Philadelphia, 1901; D. Butler, Scottish Cathedrals and Abbeys, London, 1901; J. Anderson, Early Christian Monuments of Scotland, Edinburgh, 1903.
General works are: A. Stevenson, Hist, of the Church and State of Scotland from the Accession of King Charles I. to . . 1625, 2d ed., Edinburgh, 1844; J. Lee, Lectures on the Hist, of the Church of Scotland from the Reformation to the Revolution Settlement, ed. W. Lee, 2 vols., Edinburgh, I860; G. Grub, Ecclesiastical History of Scotland from the Introduction of Christianity to the Present Time, 4 vols., Edinburgh, 1861 ; W. Chambers and Others, The Scottish Church from the Earliest Times to 1881 , Edinburgh and New York, 1881; J. Campbell, Mediceval Scotland, 1093-1613, Edinburgh, 1881; N. L. Walker, Scottish Church Hist., Edinburgh, 1882; J. Cunningham, The Church History of Scotland from the Commencement of the Christian Era, 2 vols., 2d ed., Edinburgh, 1883; J. M. Ross, Scottish Hist, to the Reformation, Glasgow, 1884, J. Anderson, Scotland in Early Christian Times, 2 parts, Edinburgh, 1886; D. Keith, A Hist, of Scotland, Civil and Ecclesiastical, . . . to . 1153, 2 vols., Edinburgh, 1886; W. G. Blaikie, The Preachers of Scotland, Past and Present, 5 vols., Edinburgh, 1890-91; A. T. Innes, Studies in Scottish History, Chiefly Ecclesiastical, London, 1892; D.C.Edmonds, The Early Scottish Church, its Doctrine and Discipline, London, 1906; J. H. Shepherd, Introduction to the Hist, of the Church of Scotland, ib. 1906; G. W. T. McGown, Scottish Heroes of the Faith, ib. 1907; J. Watson, The Scot of the 18th Century, his Religion and his Life, ib. 1907; W. Beveridge, Makers of the Scottish Church, Edinburgh, 1908; R. C. Maclagan, Religio Scotica. Its Nature as traceable in Scottish saintly Traditions, ib. 1908; Cambridge Modern History, v. 279 sqq.. New York, 1908, A. Macrae, Scotland from the Treaty of Union with England to the Present Time (1707-1907), London, 1909; D. Macmillan, The Aberdeen Doctors. A notable Group of Scottish Theologians of the first episcopal Period, 1610-83, ib. 1909; C. W. Thomson, Scotland's Work and Worth, 2 vols., ib. 1910; P. H. Brown, Hist, of Scotland, 3 vols., ib. 1910; W. L. Mathieson, The Awakening in Scotland; a History, 1747-97, Glasgow, 1911.
For the period prior to the Reformation consult: C. Innes, Scotland in the Middle Ages, Edinburgh, 1860; T. McLaughlan, The Early Scottish Church; Eccles. Hist, of Scotland from the first to the twelfth Century, Edinburgh, 1864; Miss M. G. G. Kinloch, Hist, of Scotland, chiefly in
its ecclesiastical Aspect . . to the Fall of the old Hierarchy, Edinburgh, 1873; W. Lookhart, The Church of Scotland in the Thirteenth Century; The Life and Times of David de Bernham of St. Andrew, 1239-53, London, 1889; R. M. Stewart, The Church of Scotland from the Time of Queen Margaret to the Reformation, London, 1892; J. Dowden, The Celtic Church in Scotland, London, 1894; W. Cathcart, The Ancient British and Irish Churches, London, 1894; J. Paton, Scottish Hist, and Life, Glasgow, 1902; R. W. Billings, The Baronial and Ecclesiastical Antiquities of Scotland, London, 1909 sqq.
On the Roman Catholic Church in Scotland consult: J. Robertson, Concilia Scotia;, Edinburgh, 1864; W. M. Brady, Annals of the Catholic Hierarchy in England and Scotland, London, 1883; W. Forbes-Leith, Narratives o Scottish Catholics under Mary Stuart and James VI., Edinburgh, 1885; A. Bellesheim, History of the Catholic Church in Scotland, 4 vols., Edinburgh, 1887-90; W. Paterson, Letters to my Countrymen, 6 parts, Edinburgh, 1900; J. Forbes, L'Eglise catholique en Ecosse a la fin du xvi. siecle, Paris, 1901; W. F. Leith, Memoirs of Scottish Catholics during the 17th and 18th Centuries, 2 vols., London, 1909.
On episcopacy in Scotland read: J. P. Lawson, Hist, of the Episcopal Church of Scotland, 3 vols., Edinburgh, 1844; J. B. Craven, Hist, of the Episcopal Church in Orkney, Kirkwall, 1883; H. M. Luckock, The Church in Scotland, London, 1893; H. D. Henderson, The Episcopal Church in Scotland, London, 1902; J. T. F. Farquhar, The Visible Church in the Light of Reason and Hist., Aberdeen, 1904.