RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Symbolics
Symbolism, Ecclesiastical
26. But all three Persons are co-eternal one with another: and co-equal.
27. So that in all ways, as is aforesaid: both the Trinity is to be worshiped as an Unity, and the Unity as a Trinity.
28. Let him therefore that would be saved (5) : think thus of the Trinity (6).
29. Furthermore it is necessary to eternal salvation: that he also believe faithfully the Incarnation of our Lord Jesus Christ.
30. The right Faith therefore is that we believe and confess: that our Lord Jesus Christ, the Son of God, is at once both God, and Man;
31. He is God of the Substance of the Father, begotten before the worlds (7) : and He is Man, of the Substance of his Mother, born in the world (8);
32. Perfect God: perfect Man, of reasoning (9) soul and human flesh consisting;
33. Equal to the Father as touching his Godhead: less than the Father as touching his Manhood.
34. Who, although he be God and Man: yet he is not two, but is one Christ;
35. One, however, not by change of Godhead into flesh: but by taking of manhood into God ;
36. One altogether: not by confusion (10) of substance, but by unity of person.
37. For as reasoning (11) soul and flesh is one man: so God and man is one Christ;
38. Who suffered for our salvation: descended to the world below (12), rose again from the dead;
39. Ascended into heaven, sat down at the right hand of the Father: to come from thence to judge the quick and the dead.
40. At whose coming all men shall rise again (13) with their bodies; and shall give account for their own deeds.
41. And they that have done good will go into life eternal: they that have done evil into eternal fire.
42. This is the Catholic Faith: which except a man have faithfully and steadfastly believed, he cannot be saved.
The figures in parenthesis above refer to the following alternative renderings:
(8) Or in time.
(9) Or rational.
(10) Or One: not by any con-
fusion.
(11) Or rational.
(12) Or into Hades.
(13) Or must rise again.
(1) Or desireth to be saved.
(2) Or uncorrupted.
(3) Or by Christian truth.
(4) Or severally.
(5) Or desire to be saved.
(6) Or concerning the Trin-
ity.
(7) Or before all time.
Bibliography: Sources, besides those named in the text, are: Schaff, Creeds; C. A. Heurtley, Harmonia symbolica: a Collection of Creeds belonging to the ancient Western Church and to the Mediaeval English Church, Oxford, 1858; F. W. Bodemann, Sammlung der wichtigsten Bekenntnissschriften der evangelisch-reformirten Kirche, 2d ed., Gottingen, 1867; C. P. Caspari, Ungedruckte, unbeachtete und wenig beachtete Quellen zur Geschichte des Taufsymbols und der Glaubensregeln, 2 vols., Christiania, 1869-75; Die symbolischen Bucher der evangelisch-lutherischen Kirche, ed. J. T. Muller, 6 parts, Stuttgart, 1847-48, 4th ed., 1876; H. E. Jacobs, The Book of Concord, 2 vols., Philadelphia, 1893; Bibliothek der Symbole und Glaubensregeln
der alten Kirche, ed. A. Hahn, 3d ed. by G. L. Hahn, Breslau, 1897 (for the early creeds); H. Denzinger, Enchiridion symbolorum, 9th ed. by J. Stahl, Wtirzburg, 1900 (for the Latin Church) ; T. H. Bindley, The (Ecumenical Documents of the Faith, London, 1901; W. Townsend, Great Symbols, London, 1901; Die Bekenntnissschriften der reformirten Kirchen, ed. E. F. K. Muller, Leipsic, 1903; Thesauros tes orthodoxias, ed. J. Michalcescu, Leipsic, 1904 (for the Greek Church).
On the history or theory of symbolics consult: J. G. Plank, Geschichte der Entstehung,^ der Veranderungen und der Bildung unseres protestantischen Lehrbegriffs, 6 vols., Leipsic, 1781-1800; P. Marheineke, Christliche Symbolik, 3 vols., Heidelberg, 1810-13; P. Hall, The Harmony of Protestant Confessions, London, 1841; A. Schweizer, Die protestantischen Centraldogmen in ihrer Entwickelung innerhalb der reformirten Kirche, 2 vols., Zurich, 1854—56; W. Gass, Symbolik der griechischen Kirche, Berlin, 1872; C. G. A. von Scheurl, Sammlung kirchenrechtlicher Abhandlungen, i. 149 sqq., Erlangen, 1872; G. B. Winer, Comparative View of the Doctrines and Confessions of the Various Communities of Christendom, Edinburgh, 1873; K. G. G. von Scheele, Theologische Symbolik, 3 vols., Gotha, 1881-82; J. A. Mohler, Symbolik, 10th ed., Mainz, 1889, Eng. transl., new issue, New York, 1894; H. E. Jacobs, A Study in Comparative Symbolics. The Lutheran Movement in England during the Reign of Richard VIII. and Edward IV., and its literary Monuments, Philadelphia, 1890; G. F. Oehler, Lehrbuch der Symbolik, 2d ed., by T. Hermann, Stuttgart, 1891; F. Kattenbusch, Lehrbuch der vergleichende Konfessionskunde, vol. i., Freiburg, 1892; P. S. Liebmann, Kleines Handworterbuch der christlichen Symbolik, Leipsic, 1893; Zeitschrift fur Theologie und Kirche, iii (1893), 140 sqq. (by K. Sell), 332 sqq. (by F. Nitzsch), 427 sqq. (by J. Kaftan), x (1900), 405 sqq. (by H. Schultz); G. A. Gumlich, Christian Creeds and Confessions, New York, 1894; E. F. K. Muller, Symbolik, Erlangen, 1896; K. F. Nosgen, Symbolik oder confessionelle Principienlehre, Gutersloh, 1897; P. Tschackert, Die unveranderte augsburgische Konfession, Leipsic, 1901; idem. Die Entstehung der lutherischen und der reformierten Kirchenlehre, Gottingen, 1910; F. Loofs, Symbolik oder christliche Konfessionskunde, vol. i., Tubingen, 1902; A. G. Mortimer, The Creeds: Exposition of the Apostles', Nicene and Athanasian Creeds, LoDdon, 1902; C. W Leadbeater, The Christian Creed, its Origin and Significance, New York, 1904; J. A. Moehler, Symbolism or Doctrinal Differences, transl. from 5th Germ, ed., by J. B. Robertson, London, 1906; C. H. Turner, Hist, and Use of Creeds in Early Centuries of
the Church, London, 1906; J. Cooper, Confessions of Faith and Formulas of Subscription in the Reformed Churches of Great Britain and Ireland, Especially in the Church of Scotland, Glasgow, 1907; E. C. S. Gibson, The Three Creeds, New York, 1908; A. E. Burn, The Nicene Creed, London, 1909; N. Bonwetsch, Griechisch-orthodoxisches Christentum und Kirche in der Neuzeit, A. Ehrhard, Katholisches Christentum und Kirche in der Neuzeit, and E. Troltsch, Protestantisches Christentum und Kirche in der Neuzeit, all in Kultur der Gegenwart, 2d ed., Leipsic, 1909; DCB, iv. 523. Much relevant material will be found under Doctrine, History of, and under the articles on the three principal creeds.