THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
Die AUercatio Simonis Iudcei . . . auf ihre Quellen Oepri/ft, Berlin, 1890; G. A. H. Kellner, Chronologies Tertulliance supplementa, Bonn, 1890; E. Noeldechen, Tertullian, Gotha, 1890; G. Rauch, Die Einfluss der stoischert PMlosophie auf die Lehrbildung Tertullians, Halle, 1890; F. Cabrol, Tertullien selon M. Courdaveaux, Paris, 1891; H. G. Voigt, Eine verschollenc Urkunde des antinomistischen Kampfes, Leipsic, 1S91; M. Klussmann, Excerpta Tertullianea in Isidori Hispalensis etymologiis, Hamburg, 1S92; K. H. Wirth, Der " Verdienst "-Begriff bei Tertullian in der christlichen Kirche entwickelt, Leipsic, 1892; C. T. Cruttwell, Literary Hist, of Early Christianity, 2 vols., London, 1893; G. Esser, Die Seelenlehre Tertullians, Paderborn, 1S93; J. E. B. Mayor, Tertullian' s Apology in Journal of Philosophy, xxi (1893), 259-295; H. Gomperz, Tertullianea, Vienna, 1895; E. Rolffs, in TU, xii. 4 (ISUoi; K. Werber, Tertullians Schrift De spectaculis in ihrem Yerhaltnis zu Varros Rerum divinarum libri, Teschen. 1896; M. Winkler, Der Traditionsbegriff des Urchristentums bei Tertullian, Munich, 1897; P. Wolf, Die Stellung der Christen zu den Schauspielen nach Tertullians Schrift De spectaculis, Vienna, 1897; E. M. Gaucher, L'Apologie de Tertullien, Auteuil, 1898; J. Stier, Die Gottes- und Logos-Lehre Tertullians, Gottingen, 1899; F. Kattenbusch, Das apostolische Symbolum, ii. 53 aqq., Leipsic, 1900; P. Monceaux, Hist, litteraire de VAfrique chretienne, vol. i., Paris, 1901; E. von der Goltz, Das Gebet in der altesten Christenheit, pp. 279 sqq., Leipsic, 1901; A. Bigelmair, Die Beteiligung der Christen am bffentlichen Leben in vorkonstantinischer Zeit, Munich, 1902; C. H. Guignebert, Tertullien. Etude sur ses sentiments a I'egard de Vempire et de la society civile, Paris, 1902; K. J. Neumann, Hippolyt von Rom in seiner Stellung zu Stoat und Welt, vol. i., Leipsic, 1902; A. d'Ales, Theologie de Tertullian, Paris, 1905 (excellent); W. Vollert, Tertullians dogmatische und ethische Grundanschauung, Giitersloh, 1905; B. B. Warfield, in Princeton Theological Revieu\ 1905, pp. 529-555, 1906, pp. 1-36, 145-167; K. Adam, Der Kirchenbegriff Tertullians, Paderborn, 1907; Kriiger, History, pp. 256-280 et passim; Bardenhewer, Geschichte, pp. 39, 41, 310 sqq., 365; idem, Patrologie, pp. 157-167, Eng. transl., St. Louis, 1908; Ceillier, Auteurs sacrSs, ii. 1-86.
TESCHENMACHER, tesh'en-maH"er, WERNER: Reformed pastor and Annalist; b. at Elberfeld (25 m. n.n.e. of Cologne) Sept. 13 (old style), 1590; d. at Xanten (32 m. n.n.w. of Diisseldorf) Apr. 2, 1638. He was educated at the Reformed schools at Herborn, 1601-06, and received his master's degree at Heidelberg in 1609; was pastor of a circuit of churches in the government of Jiilich, 1611-13; at Sittard in the Netherlands, 1613-15; at Elberfeld, 1615-17; at Cleves, 1617-23; and court preacher at Emmerich for the government of Brandenburg, 1623-32. After the Spanish occupation the Reformed in the vicinity of Jiilich, Berg, and Wesel were driven from their churches in consequence of an edict of Nov. 3, 1625, and Teschenmacher was instrumental in gaining an intervention on the part of the Netherlands states-general, and the restoration of the churches. Two of Teschenmacher's works were printed: Repetitio brevis catholicce et orthodox® religionis (Wesel, 1635), containing brief historical and dogmatic parts; and Anales Clivim Julia Montiium (Arnheim, 1638). His most
valuable work was Annates ecclesiastici reformationis ecrlesiarum Clivice, Juliw, Montium. The original manuscript, dedicated under date of 1633, has disappeared, but was used by J. D. von Steinen, who incorporated more than one-fourth into his Beschreibung der Reformationsgeschichte des Herzogthums Cleve (1727) . A copy of the manuscript is preserved in the royal library at Berlin. The work, though lacking in perspective and a knowledge of political surroundings, yet is distinguished by learning and
conscientiousness, and the immediate use of rare manuscript sources; and it is of much local interest.
(E. Simons.) Bibliography: W. Harless, in Zeitschrift des bergischen Geschichtsvereins, xxviii. 207 sqq. ; idem, in ADB, vol. xxxvii. • E. Simons, in Theologische Arbeiten aus dem rheinischen wissenschaf (lichen Prediger-V erein, new series, iii (1899) 70 sqq.; A. Lorenz, Die alte reformierte und die neue evangelische Gemeinde, pp. 68 sqq., Grevenbroich, 1905.
TESSEN-WESIERSKI, FRANZ VON: German Roman Catholic; b. at Berent (30 m. s.w. of Danzig), West Prussia, Dec. 22, 1869. He was educated at the University of Breslau (Lie. Theol., 1894), where he became privat-docent in 1895, first for church history and later (1897) for apologetics. Since 1899 he has been associate professor of the latter subject in the same institution, and in 1900 was given charge of the courses in philosophical and theological propaedeutics. He has written Die Grundlagen des Wunderbegriffs nach Thomas von Aquin (Paderborn, 1899); and Der Autoritatsbegriff in den Hauptphasen seiner historischen Entwickelung (1907).
TEST ACT: The name commonly applied to an act of parliament passed in 1673, formally entitled " An Act to Prevent Dangers from Popish Recusants," which extended the provisions of the Corporation Act (q.v.) to public offices in general. It disqualified for all offices, civil or military, those who had not taken the oaths of allegiance and supremacy, received the sacrament according to the rites of the Church of England, and renounced the doctrine of transubstantiation. It was partly the result of intrigues within the Cabal, forwarded by Shaftesbury with the intention of driving Clifford from office, and partly aimed at the duke of York (later James II.), who was then high admiral. William of Orange declared in favor of its principle, and it was maintained by both whigs and tories, until both acts were repealed in 1828 on the motion of Lord John Russell.