THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
religious person. English theists, like J. Martineau (q.v.), C. B. Upton, and E. Caird, supplement transcendence with immanence, thus representing a tneism approximating pantheism.
On the question of its justification, it is to be admitted that a theistic view can not claim scientific validity Scientific thought does not yield to the assumption of a personal God clothed with ethical attributes. A universal or an unconditioned being must of necessity be postulated. To the highest being universal attributes, such as 5. Relation omnipresence and unity, must be to Scientific ascribed. Omniscience is doubtful Reason, inasmuch as it implies the spiritual, which may not be attributed to unconditioned being without the presumption of a philosophic view that does not need to obtain universal validity. However, not only reason but the yearnings of the soul crave to be satisfied. The devout human being requires above all things a living God, not only omniscient, but also all- wise. He must be a person, who is at the same time love, by which he is willing to make man, whose needs he understands, contented and happy; exercising at the same time justice, and being about to bring happiness in agreement with virtue, either in this world or the next. These are attributes that may be multiplied according as man qualifies himself toward him, and may be called ethical. They bring deity near to man, or God down amidst the phenomenal, by attributing to him qualities magnified, which are inconsistent with the nature of the infinite and universal. Science, if indeed unwilling to protest against the anthropomorphizing of the highest, can do nothing to support it, and can not concur with theism in desiring to attribute these properties to God. Faith must, therefore, maintain what reason may not afford, and thus embrace theism. See Deism; God; and Rationalism and
SUPERXATURALISM. (M. HEINZEf.)
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