RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Vandals Vatablus
of Cardinal Parocchi, was translated to the suburbicarian see of Porto and Santa Rufina.
VANNUTELLI, VINCENZO: Cardinal, brother of the preceding; b. at Genazzano (24 m. e.s.e. of Rome), Italy, Dec. 5, 1836. He was educated at the Collegium Capranica and the Gregorian University, Rome, and, after being ordained to the priesthood in 1861, was a professor in the Vatican Seminary. After diplomatic service in Holland and Belgium from 1863 to 1869 he was appointed apostolic prothonotary and under-secretary of state; later (1878) auditor of the Sacra Rota Romana, in 1880 was preconized titular archbishop of Sardes and was sent to Constantinople as apostolic delegate and patriarch-vicar, and in 1883 went to Moscow as envoy extraordinary at the coronation of the czar. After another official visit to Russia, he was appointed nuncio in Lisbon, where he concluded the concordat between the Vatican and Portugal, and also reorganized the Roman Catholic hierarchy in the East. In 1890 he was created cardinal priest of San Silvestro in Capite, and in 1900 was elevated to be cardinal bishop of Palestrina. He was for a long time prefect of the Propaganda, and since 1902 has been prefect of the Congregation of the Council, while he is also archpriest of the Liberian patriarchal church of Santa Maria Maggiore.
VARAGINE, JACOBUS DE. See Jacopus DE VARAGINE.
VASZARY, va-sa’ri, CLAUDIUS FRANZ: Cardinal; b. at Keszthely (96 m. s. of Pressburg), Hungary, Feb. 12, 1832. He entered the Benedictine order in 1847 at Martinsberg, where he received his education, and in 1855 was ordained to the priesthood; was professor of history at the gymnasium of Gran (1861-69); was rector of the similar institution at Raab (1869-85); became archabbot of Martinsberg (1885), with a seatin the Austrian Upper House; was consecrated prince-archbishop of Gran and primate of Hungary (1891); and was created cardinal-priest of Santi Silvestro e Martino di Monti (1893).
BisriocRapHy: Der Papst, die Regierung und die Verwalt-
oe ee heiligen Kirche in Rom, pp. 185, 187-188, Munich,
VATABLUS, va’ta-blus, FRANCISCUS (FRAN- COIS WATEBLED, GASTEBLED, OUATEBLE): French Hebraist and theologian; b. at Gamaches (85 m. n.w. of Paris), Picardy; d. at Paris Mar. 16, 1547. He was for a time pastor at Bramet in Valois, after which Francis I. appointed him professor of Hebrew at the Collége de France, later making him also abbot of Bellozane. He died in the Roman Catholic faith. During his lifetime Vatablus published nothing, his Latin translation of Aristotle’s Meteorologica appearing at Lyons in 1548 and his version of the Parva Naturalia being appended by G. Duval to his edition of Aristotle (Paris, 1619). From the lecture-notes of the numerous scholars of Vatablus, Robert Stephens drew the material for the notes which he added to his edition of the Bible of Paris, 1545, though it would seem that to the annotations of Vatablus he added others from vari-
Vatican
THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
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ous sources. The notes of Vatablus on the Psalms, incorporated in the Liber Psalmorum Davidis printed by Stephens in 1557, were reedited, with the notes of Hugo Grotius, by G. J. L. Vogel in his Francisci Vatabli annotationes in Psalmos (Halle, 1767). The Sorbonne sharply assailed the Stephens edition of 1545 as heretical and inclining toward Lutheranism; while the Salamanca theologians, on the contrary, esteemed the work so highly that they issued a revision of it in their Latin Bible of 1584. H. L. Strack.
BristiograpHy: A. Calmet, Bibliothéque sacrée, iv. 1 saq.,
Paris. 1730; GC. G. Jécher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexitkon,
iv. 1466, 10 parts, Leipsic, 1750-1819; Biographie uni-
verselle, xvii. 569 sqq.; Lichtenberger, HSR, xii. 307.
VATICAN. Outline History (§ 1). Papal and Other Official Apartments (§ 2). Libraries and Museums (§ 3). Minor Portions and Gardens (§ 4). Church of St. Peter (§ 5). The Crypts of St. Peter’s (§ 6). Vatican and Quirinal (§ 7). The Vatican Guards (§ 8).
The name Vatican is applied both to the palace of the pope at Rome, and to the papal administration in its official relations with temporal powers. The term is derived from the situation of the palace on the Vatican Hill (on the right bank of the Tiber), which, even as late as the time of Aurelian, formed no part of the city of Rome. During the classical period it was notoriously insalubrious (Tacitus, Hist., ii. 93), and even its wine was regarded as poisonous. Nevertheless, Caligula commenced the
building of a circus there, and Nero
1. Outline completed it. Here occurred the mar-