THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
time it has been held on the first Sunday of September. Vincent was canonized by Calixtus ITI. on June 29, 1455, although the bull of canonization was first published by Pius II. on Oct. 1, 1458. His chief works, in addition to those already mentioned, are his Tractatus de vita spirituali (Magdeburg, 1493); De fine mundi et tempore Antichristi (Venice [?], 1475); and his sermons, delivered in the Spanish dialect¥of Valencia, and repeatedly translated into Latin (first at Lyons, 1490). (O. ZOcKLERT.)
BretiogRaPHy: Besides the account by Razzano in ASB, April, i. 475-529, lives have been written by V. J. Antist, Valencia, 1578; F. Diago, Barcelona, 1600; V. Gomez, Valencia, 1618; B. Guyard, Paris, 1634; F. Gavalda, Valencia, 1668; M. Marchese, Naples, 1669; L. Coelho, Lisbon, 1713; S. T. Miguel, Valencia, 1713, new ed., Madrid, 1856; G. M. F. Ferrarini, Milan, 1732; A. Teoli, Naples, 1738, new ed., Rome, 1826; A. Valdecebro, Madrid, 1740; P. Fuesi, Oedenburg, 1749; L. Heller, Berlin, 1830; L. Donin, Vienna, 1844; anonymous, Bologna, 1850; M. A. Bayle, Paris, 1855; A. Ferrante, Turin, 1876; and M. S. Hogan, London and New York, 1911. Consult further: P. Fages, Hist. de S. Vincent Ferrer, 2 vols., Paris, 1894; A. Pradel, St. Vincent Ferrer, ... his Life, Spiritual Teaching, and Practical Devotion, London, 1875; O. Zéckler, Zur Wiirdigung des rémischen Mirakelglaubens, in Beweis des Glaubens, 1897, pp. 257— 269; J. Rohr, in Historisches Jahrbuch der Gérresgesellschaft, 1898, i. 32 sqq.; KL, xii. 978-983.
VINCENT, BOYD: Protestant Episcopal bishop of southern Ohio; b. at Erie, Pa., May 18, 1845. He was graduated from Yale (A.B., 1867) and Berkeley Divinity School, Middletown, Conn. (1871); was curate of St. Paul’s, Erie (1871-72); rector of Cross and Crown Church, in the same city (1872— 1874), and of Calvary Church, Pittsburg, Pa. (1874-89); became bishop coadjutor of southern Ohio (1889); and on the retirement of Bishop T. A. Jaggar (1904) became diocesan of the see. He has written God and Prayer: A Discourse on the Reasonableness of Prayer (New York, 1897).
BrstiocgRapHy: W. 8. Perry, The Episcopate in America, p. 311, New York, 1895.
VINCENT, van’’san’, JACQUES LOUIS SAMUEL: French Protestant; b. at Nimes Sept. 8, 1787; d. near there July 10, 1837. After studying at Uzés and Montpellier, he pursued a theological training at Geneva (1806-09), and in 1809 was chosen assistant pastor in his native city, where he remained until physical infirmity compelled him to retire to his suburban estate. His greatest services were the reestablishment and promotion of theological studies in the Reformed church in France. Napoleon I. had indeed given the church a care-free existence by including it in the concordat of 1801 (see Concorpats, ete., VI., 1), but its theological status was at low ebb, and the seminary at Lausanne was a school for martyrs, not scholars. Vincent was one of the first to perceive the need of remedying the deficiencies, and to the preparation of a French theological literature for French Protestantism he devoted a large portion of his activity. Feeling especially attracted by English moral philosophy he translated, in 1817, Paley’s work on that subject, and two years later reproduced the thoughts of Chalmers under the title Prewves et autorité de la révélation chrétienne. The problem of authority afforded him the material for his first independent book, in which he crossed
swords with the Abbé de Lamennais, showing in his Observations sur V'unité religieuse (Paris, 1820) that while Ultramontanism (q.v.) absorbs the individual in the mass, Protestantism should preserve and increase the freedom and responsibility of each separate person. To the reply of De Lamennais Vincent answered in his Observations sur la voie d’ autorité appliquée q la religion (1821), by which he attracted the attention of the cultured circles of France and inspired his coreligionists to assume the defensive.
Vincent now sought to acquaint French Protestantism with German theology, writing at first for F. Monod’s Archives du christianisme, and then editing the Mélanges de religion, de morale et de critique sacrée (10 vols., 1820-24), for which he wrote nearly all the articles. In 1829 he published a sketch of the theory of Protestantism in his Vwes sur le protestantisme en France. Originally conservative in his dogmatic views, Vincent was led by German theology to a position akin to that of Schleiermacher and to a warm sympathy for living piety irrespective of ecclesiastical or dogmatic guise.
In 1830, after the publication of his Vues, Vincent was the leading man in the Reformed Church of France. He declined calls to Montauban and to Strasburg, but after the revolution of 1830 was elected president of the consistory of Nimes, a position from which his republicanism had caused the ministry to exclude him two years before. In the latter years of his life he retired more and more from public duties, though in 1831-33 he lectured on the modern literature of Spain and Italy. Besides the works already mentioned, he was the author of Méditations religiewses (Paris, 1829), and in his memory the Liberals founded at Nimes in 1892 the Ecole Samuel Vincent for the promotion of the preparatory studies of candidates for the ministry. (Eveen LACHENMANN.) BisiiogRaPHy: The posthumous editions of Vincent’s Vues
and his M éditations usually contain sketches of his life.
Consult further: A. Michel, Samuel Vincent, son temps
et ses opinions, Strasburg, 1864; J. Corbiére, Samuel Vin-
cent, sa conception religieuse et chrétienne, Geneva, 1873;
M. Blanc, Samuel ,Vincent, Montauban, 1890; L. Maury,
Le Réveil religieux & Genéve et en France, 2 vols., Paris,
1892; G. Filhol, La Pensée religiewse de Samuel Vincent, Montauban, 1899; Lichtenberger, HSR, xii. 393-397.
VINCENT, JOHN HEYL: Methodist Episopal bishop; b. at Tuscaloosa, Ala., Feb. 23, 1832. He was educated at the academies at Lewisburg and Milton, Pa., and at the age of eighteen began to preach. After teaching school at Catasaqua, Pa., in 1850, and being a circuit preacher in Luzerne County, Pa., in 1851, he was assistant in the city mission at Newark, N. J.,in 1852. In 1853 he joined the Newark Conference and received his theological training at the Wesleyan Institute at Newark, N. J., being pastor at that city in 1852-53, and at Franklin in 1853-54 and Irvington in 1855-56 (both near Newark). He was ordained deacon in 1855 and elder two years later, and in 1857 was transferred to the Rock River Conference, Ill., holding pastorates in that state at Joliet (1857-58), Mount Morris (1858-59), Galena (1859-61), Rockford (1862-64), and Trinity Church, Chicago (1864-65). In 1866— 1867 he was Sunday-school agent of his denomina-