RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Whiston Whitby
the Angles, left Northumbria. His successor, Tuda,
died in a short time of the plague and Wilfrid was
then chosen bishop and the see was removed to
York.
BrsuioGRAPHy: Bede, Hist. eccl., iii. 25, in Plummer’s ed., i. 183-189, ii. 189-192; Haddan and Stubbs, Councils, ili, 100-105; W. Bright, arly English Church History, pp. 222-232, 3d ed., Oxford, 1897; J.H. Overton, The Church in England, i. 59-63, 73 et passim, London, 1897; W. Hunt, The English Church (697-1066), pp. 109-115, 128, ib. 1899.
WHITBY, DANIEL: Controversial writer and commentator; b. at Rushden (14 m. n.e. of Northampton), Northamptonshire, Mar. 24, 1638; d. at Salisbury Mar. 24, 1725. He entered Oxford as a commoner of Trinity College in 1653 (B.A., 1657) and was elected fellow in 1664. Four years later he was appointed chaplain to Seth Ward, bishop of Salisbury, who almost immediately made him prebendary of Yatesbury and Husborn-Tarrant, and in 1669 perpetual curate of St. Thomas’ and rector of St. Edmund’s, Salisbury. He was installed precentor at Salisbury in 1672, and in 1696 was given the prebend of Taunton-Regis. His first book was Romish Doctrines not from the Beginning (London, 1664), and it was followed during the next twentyfive years by ten or a dozen similar works against the Roman Catholic Church. At first his writings were well received, but in 1682, in The Protestant Reconciler Humbly Pleading for Condescension to Dissenting Brethren in Things Immaterial, he expressed opinions concerning “‘ things immaterial,’ which were accounted too liberal by the High-church party, and the University of Oxford ordered the book to be burned in the quadrangle, while Bishop Ward compelled the author to retract. A ‘ second part ’’ was then issued urging dissenters to conform. Whitby also wrote on Christian evidences, against Calvinism, on the Fathers, and on the Trinity. On the topic last named, he began with the orthodox doctrine (cf. Tractatus de vera Christi deitate adversus Arti et Socint hereses [Oxford, 1691]), but his view changed, and his Last Thoughts (published posthumously by his direction, ed. A. A. Sykes, London, 1727; reprinted by the Unitarian Association, 1841) reveals him as a convinced Unitarian. His magnum opus was a Paraphrase and Commentary on the New Testament (2 vols., London, 1703), the fruit of fifteen years’ labor, which, combined with the work of Simon Patrick (q.v.), Richard Arnold, William Lowth (q.v.), and Moses Lowman in the popular Critical Commentary on the Old and New Testaments and Apocrypha (London, 1809), has had a longer life than it deserved (reprinted 1857). He is described as small and very thin physically, affable in manner, sincerely pious and unselfish, and possessed of a remarkable memory, which, with his other faculties (except eyesight), he retained unimpaired to the end of his life. On the day before his death he preached extemporaneously in church. He spent his life in his study, indulging in but one relaxation (tobacco), and was a child in all business matters.
Brsuiograpuy: A Short Account of the Life, etc., was prefixed by Sykes to the Last Thoughts, ut sup. Consult: A. & Wood, Athene Oxonienses, ed. P. Bliss, iv. 671, and
Fasti, ii. 198, 223, 332-333, 4 vols., London, 1813-20; DNB, \xi. 28-30,
White Whitefield
THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
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WHITE, HENRY JULIAN: Church of England; b. in London Aug. 27, 1859. He received his education at Christ Church, Oxford (B.A., 1882; M.A., 1885); was made deacon, 1885, and priest, 1886; was curate of Oxted, Surrey, 1885-86; missioner of St. Andrew’s, Sarum, 1886-95; chaplain and theological lecturer of Merton College, Oxford, 1895-1905; and became professor of New-Testament exegesis in King’s College, London, 1905. He also filled the offices of domestic chaplain to the bishop of Salisbury, 1887; fellow of Merton College and examining chaplain to the bishop of Oxford, 1897-1905; and examiner in theology at Oxford, 1903-05. Hehas collaborated with J. Wordsworth, bishop of Salisbury, and W. Sanday in the production of Old Latin Biblical Texts (Oxford, 1883 sqq.); of Novum Testamentum Latine (1889 sqq.; the critical edition of the Vulgate); contributed ‘‘ The Codex Amatianus and its Birthplace” to Studia Biblia et Ecclesiastica (1890); has issued also Acta Apostolorum (1890), and Merton College in College Monographs (1906).
WHITE, JOHN HAZEN: Protestant Episcopal bishop of Michigan City; b. at Cincinnati Mar. 10, 1849. He was graduated from Kenyon College, (A.B., 1872) and from Berkeley Divinity School (1875). He was ordered deacon (1875), and priest (1876); he was curate at St. Andrew’s, Meriden, Conn. (1875-77); curate at St. John’s, Waterbury, Conn. (1877-78), as well as vice-rector and instructor of Latin in St. Margaret’s School, in the same city; he then held the rectorship at the following churches: Grace Church, Old Saybrook, Conn. (1878-81); Christ Church, Joliet, Ill. (1881-89); St. John’s, St. Paul’s, Minn. (1889-91); was warden of the Seabury Divinity School (1891-95), and in 1895 was consecrated bishop of Indiana. When the diocese was divided in 1899, he took the northern portion of the former see, with the title of bishop of Michigan City.
BrspitiocRapay: W.S. Perry, The Episcopate in America,
p. 367, New York, 1895.
WHITE, NEWPORT JOHN DAVIS: Church of England; b. at Dublin Feb. 16, 1860. He received his education at Rathmines School and Trinity College, Dublin (B.A., 1883; M.A., B.D., 1887; D.D., 1904); he was made deacon in 1885, and priest in 1886; was curate of Bowdon, Cheshire, 1885-87, and of St. John’s, Birkenhead, 1888-90; private teacher of divinity in Trinity College, Dublin, 1890- 1897; assistant lecturer in divinity and Hebrew in the same institution, 1897-1907; librarian of Archbishop Marsh’s Library, Dublin, 1898; professor of Biblical Greek in Trinity College, Dublin, since 1906; and deputy for the regius professor of divinity, Dublin University, 1907. He has also been canon of St. Patrick’s Cathedral, Dublin, since 1906. He has edited The Latin Writings of St. Patrick (in the Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin, 1905); and G. Salmon’s Human Element in the Gospels. A Commentary of the Synoptic Narrative (London, 1907); contributed to The Psalms of Israel: Lectures delivered in St. Patrick’s Cathedral, Dublin, 1908 (1904); Elias Bouhéreau of La Rochelle (in Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, 1908); and
the commentary on the Pastoral Epistles in the Ezpositor’s Greek Testament (1909); together with articles in Hastings, DB and DCG.
WHITE, THOMAS: English Roman Catholic, controversial writer under various pseudonyms (Thomas Anglus, Albius, Bianchi, Blacklow, Candidus); b. probably at Hutton (20 m. e.n.e. of London), Essex, 1593; d. in London July 6, 1676. He studied at the English College at St. Omer, at Valladolid (entered 1609), and at Douai; was ordained priest at Arras 1617, taught at Douai at different times (vice-president in 1650), was president of the English college at Lisbon 1633, and also lived in Paris and Rome. His last years were spent in England in literary work. He wrote much upon philosophical and theological questions, and developed a system of his own and applied it to religious doctrines, especially freedom, grace, and predestination, with an independence that brought him into conflict with those of his own faith; his works were put upon the index. At the same time he saw no way to solve the difficulties of Scripture except by permanent authority, and hence fell into controversy with Protestants. He ultimately submitted unreservedly to the Roman Catholic Church. He edited William Rushworth’s Dialogues or the Judgment of Common Sense in the Choice of Religion (Paris, 1654), adding a dialogue of his own, and published An Apology for Rushworth’s Dialogues (2 parts, 1654), wherein his views are best set forth. Other works include Jnstitutiones peripatetice (Lyons, 1646), and IJnstitutiones sacre (1652), from which twenty-two propositions were censured by the University of Douai in 1660; De medio animarum statu (Paris, 1653; Eng., 1659); The Grounds of Obedience and Government (London, 1655), in which, it was charged, he tried to flatter Cromwell to gain his favor for the Roman Catholics; IJnstitutiones ethice sive statere morum (2 vols., 1660). BrsiiocrapuHy: [P. Talbot|, Blackloane heresis hist. et con-
futatio, Ghent, 1675; C. Plowden, Remarks on a Book
Entitled ‘‘ Memoirs of Gregorio Panzani,” pp. 255-273,
London, 1794; C. Dodd, Church Hist. of England, iii.
285, 350-356, 5 vols., London, 1839-43; F. H. Reusch,
Der Index der verbotenen Biicher, ii. 384, 411, Bonn, 1885;
J. Gillow, Biographical Dictionary of English Catholics, v.
578-581, London, n.d.; Bayle, Dictionary, i. 338-340;
DNB, \xi. 79-81; KL, i. 853-854.
WHITE, WILBERT WEBSTER: United Presbyterian; b. at Ashland, O., Jan. 16, 1863. He studied at the University of Wooster (B.A., 1881; M.A., 1884), Xenia Theological Seminary (graduated 1885), and Yale University (Ph.D., 1891); was pastor at Peotone, IIll., 1885-86; professor of Hebrew and Old-Testament literature in the Xenia Theological Seminary, 1890-95; taught in the Moody Bible Institute, Chicago, 1895-97; engaged in Bible work in India and England, 1897-1900; and became president of the Bible Teachers’ Training School, New York City, 1900. He has written Inductive Studies in the Twelve Minor Prophets (Chicago, 1894); Thirty Studies in the Gospel by John (New York, 1895); Thirty Studies in Jeremiah (1895); Thirty Studies in the Revelation of Jesus Christ to John (1898); Studies in Old Testament Characters (1900); and Thirty Studies in the Gospel by Matthew (1903),