THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG rs
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II. took into his service in defense of the Wilsnack miracle Matthias Déring, the Franciscan provincial. The bishop of Havelberg evaded the attempts of the archbishop to treat with him personally, and the matter went to Rome for a decision at a time when the recognition of Frederick was needed for Pope Eugene IV., with the result of a guarded and evasive pronouncement to the effect that it was the sacrament which was honored, and not the bloody wafers. An attack had been made upon Tocke by Doring charging the former with being a Hussite; the Erfurt theologians disallowed this, but it became the question before a provincial synod. Frederick complained to the archbishop of Magdeburg against Tocke and others, and then secured the renewal of the bull of Eugene IV. by Nicholas V. (1447), protecting the rights of Havelberg, the bishop of which now offered passive resistance to the archbishop. At a synod in 1451 the papal legate (Nicholas of Cusa) forbade the exhibition of alleged bloody wafers and of the leaden models, thus discouraging the pilgrimage. In turn the Havelbergers secured the excommunication of the archbishop, while bands plundered his territory. In 1453 Nicholas issued a bull relieving both sides from the censures to which they were subject, forbade them to occasion new strife, and awarded the archbishop damages for the brigandage committed; the result was on the whole favorable to Havelberg, the archbishop being obstructed in his opposition to the Havelbergers, while the latter were in a manner protected.
The literary assault continued, the Carthusian Jacob of Jueterbog and the Augustinian Johann von Dorsten of Erfurt leading. The object of attack now was not the priestly trickery, but the mania for pilgrimage, which was likened to a plague. When the Reformation began, Wilsnack was still most popular as a goal of pilgrimage. No effective steps were taken till 1548, the ecclesiastical and civil powers being faithful to Rome. In that year Joachim Ellefeld, an Evangelical preacher, was installed, but enjoined by the chapter to leave ceremonial untouched. But Johann Agricola urged Ellefeld to cast out the idolatry, and he entered the church and burned the wafers. In indignation the chapter had Ellefeld imprisoned. But it happened that the latter had not burned the freshly consecrated host, and he was set free by the elector on Nov. 11, 1552. The church from that time was Evangelical, though pilgrims from distant regions continued to visit the church for some decades. The bloody host of Wilsnack, however, furnished a pattern which other places employed. (G. KawErav.)
BrpriocrRapHy: Dat ys dy Erfindunge und Wunderwerke des hilligen Sakramentes tho der Wilsnagk, Magdeburg, 1509, reprinted in P. Heitz und W. L. Schreiber, Drucke wnd Holaschnitte ..., pp. 8-11, Strasburg, 1904; Historia inventionis et ostensionis vivifict sacramenti in Wilsnagk, Liibeck, 1520; M. Ludecus, Hist. von der Erfindung .. . des vermeinten heiligen Bluts zur Wilsnagk, Wittenberg 1586; E. Breest, in Méarkische Forschungen, xvi (1881), 133 saq.; idem, in Magbeburger Geschichtsblitter, 1883, 43 saq., 97 sqqa.; idem, in Bliéitter fir Handel, Gewerbe, eto., 1882, pp. 167 sqq.; Wattenbach, in SBA, 1882, pp. 603 sqq.; B. Hennig, in Forschungen zur brandenb. und preussischen Geschichte, xix (1906), 391 sqq.; KL, v. 1729- 1734,
WILSON, DANIEL: Bishop of Calcutta; b. in Spitalfields, London, July 2, 1778; d. in Calcutta Jan. 2, 1858. He was educated at St. Edmund Hall, Oxford (B.A., 1802; M.A., 1804; D.D., 1832); was ordained, and became curate of Richard Cecil at Chobham and Bisley in Surrey, where he developed into a strong Evangelical preacher; was tutor or vice-principal of St. Edmund Hall, Oxford, and minister of Worton, Oxfordshire, 1807-12; assistant curate at St. John’s Chapel, Bedford Row, Bloomsbury, 1808-12; sole minister there, 1812— 1824; and vicar of St. Mary’s, Islington, 1824-32, when he was consecrated bishop of Calcutta, and metropolitan of India. He founded an English church at Rangoon, Ceylon, 1855, and the cathedral church, St. Paul’s, consecrated at Calcutta, 1847. He was an indefatigable worker, and as bishop was noted for fidelity and firmness. He was the author of numerous sermons published separately and in collections, and of The Evidences of Christianity, ...a Course of Lectures (2 vols., London, 1828-30); and of Bishop Wilson’s Journal Letters, addressed to his Family the first Nine Years of his Indian Episcopacy (1863; ed. his son Daniel). BrsiioGRApPHy: Besides the Journal Letters, ut sup., consult
the Life by J. Bateman, 2 vols., London, 1860; E. Stock,
Hist. of the Church Missionary Society, passim, ib. 1899.
WILSON, HENRY BRISTOW: Church of England; b. in London June 10, 1803; d. there Aug. 10, 1888. He studied at the Merchant Taylors’ School, London, and at St. John’s College, Oxford (B.A., 1825; M.A., 1829; B.D., 1884), and was fellow of St. John’s 1825-50, tutor 1833-35, and Rawlinson professor of Anglo-Saxon 1839-44. He opposed the Oxford movement, and in Mar., 1841, joined A. C. Campbell, T. T. Churton, and John Griffiths in the memorable protest against Newman’s Tract XC. In 1850 he was presented to the college living of Great Staughton, Huntingdonshire, which he retained till his death. He is memorable as the projector and editor of the volume of Essays and Reviews (q.v.) which started a great controversy in 1860 and subjected him to a trial for heresy. He published The Communion of Saints (Oxford, 1851), Bampton lectures for 1851; A Letter ... on University and College Reform (London, 1854); Schemes of Christian Comprehension (in Oxford Essays, 1857); The National Church (in Essays and Reviews, 1860); A Brief Examination of Prevalent Opinions on the Inspiration of the Old and New Testaments (1861); and Three Sermons (1861). BrsriocRapHy: Life and Letters of Rowland Williams, by
Mrs. Williams, vol. i., London, 1874; G. C. Brodrick and
W. H. Fremantle, Judgments of the Judicial Committee
of the Privy Council, pp. 247-290, ib. 1865; R. EB. Pro-
thero, Life and Correspondence of Dean Stanley, ii. 30-44,
157-158, ib. 1893; E. Abbott and L. Campbell, Life and
Letters of Benjamin Jowett, passim, ib. 1897; H. P. Liddon,
Life of Edward Bouverie Pusey, ii. 167, iv. 38-68, ib. 1897;
DNB, \xii. 97; literature under Essays AND REVIEWS.
WILSON, JOHN: The name of two divines.
1. Puritan; b. at Windsor (21 m. w. by s. of London), Berkshire, 1588; d. in Boston, Mass., Aug. 7, 1667. He was educated at Eton and Cambridge, graduating from the university about 1606, after which he not only studied law for three years, but also took orders in the Church of England. He preached at Mortlake, Henley, Bumstead, Stoke,