THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
part, and are carried on by carefully organized committees, embracing all the members.
Its strength lies in the voluntary obligation of its covenant pledge, and its adaptability to all classes and conditions of men.
Its ideals are spirituality, sanity, enthusiasm, loyalty, fellowship, thorough organization, and consecrated devotion.
Christian Endeavor stands for Spirituality and Catholicity. Its spiritual purpose is guaranteed by the fact that its active and controlling members are active, experimental Christians; its catholicity, by the fact that through other classes of members, and through various activities, all young persons may be brought under its influence and share in its blessings.
Christian Endeavor stands for Loyalty and Fellowship. Its loyalty to the local church and its work is guaranteed by its covenant pledge, which embodies its motto, ‘For Christ and the Church’’; its fellowship is guaranteed by its insistence only on fundamental Christian principles, which has enabled it already to find a home in every Christian land and denomination.
Christian Endeavor stands for Christian Missions and all wise philanthropies at home and abroad, approved by the ehurches to which the societies belong.
Christian Endeavor stands for Good Citizenship in the broadest sense of the term, and is unalterably opposed to private and corporate greed, to intemperance, impurity, and everything that lowers the standard of manhood and womanhood.
Christian Endeavor stands for Peace and Good Will among men, and is opposed to all unjust war and unjust industrial strife, as contrary to the principles of the Prince of Peace. “Arbitration and Conciliation ’’ are two of its watchwords for the twentieth century, and an “International Christian Brotherhood” and a universal language for intercommunication two of its ideals.
Christian Endeavor stands for Beneficence and generous giving, which it has embodied and made concrete in its “Tenth Legion’ * and the “ Macedonian Phalanx.” +
Christian Endeavor stands for High Intellectual Attainments, which are promoted by its literature, its conventions, its institutes, summer assemblies, schools of methods, reading-courses, and correspondence-schools, and by the study of the Bible demanded by its weekly meetings for the most helpful participation.
Christian Endeavor stands for High Devotional Attainments and for communion with the Unseen, as embodied in the ‘‘Comrades of the Quiet Hour,’’ t whose methods have brought help and comfort to so many thousands.
Christian Endeavor stands for Pure Home Life, Honest Business Life, Loyal Church Life, Patriotic National Life, Joyous Social Life, and Brotherhood with all mankind.
The following are the latest statistics at the last enumeration, July 1, 1911:
UNITED STATES. No. of
Societies.
Noung; Reopleisime cats ae ae oes 31,365 DUBIONL Aah cctot eat an ea eee ane 16,265 Intermediates. con sete ve eee ee 2,987
Bloating 2 ie. Sees ooh eho ne 4
AN Ka ol eX) deta po oniia CeaerE COMES ee a Osc 63 Senior en octern cc en meee ee 50 JAG Oy aN WERT Se is Aonoagesoeoae 1,905 Waricki@ Sho Leagues). 9 npr s oy eee 525 United Brethren Societies ............... 761 rh otal Ascveey erates sitter ne ere 53,966 Total membership... +4...... 50.0008 2,698,300 CANADA. No. of
Societies.
Moung- People’s: saccrnacrnte cine eee eon oO 855 TUNIC EA Se knead ee "703 intermediates sce science cs Cee eee 62 INMOCHETS Ao kcrce cetiicae ace eee 1 He LECTUS Preston 575 ook aes c/anre rere hatte hoe 2 Bb Ovaluceneermanicre a ciays cast serine Ee 3,623 Photalemembership)..)c-)caqeee eee oe 181,150
* Consisting of those who give regularly at least one-tenth of their income for distinctively religious work.
+ No longer in existence.
ft Consisting of those who make it a rule to spend at least fifteen minutes each day in quiet communion with God and religious meditation,
FOREIGN. No. of Societies. Vourng People’s caries talento aie ere ae dvele 17,402 AUT de occ HS ne peanmrimntcreanaran cfeae Tntermediate) sc-.icic.e sits sie sisc slelslelsisieisrelsiele 67 Mothers’ ...,..seeecseceressccsececeree 15 Senior 2? aewie evsiace craters sie) steiciccieleter statersietetonere 23 Total). . sictcers «sisisreias anereelornelnelauilelemets+Oo Total membership........ sila vine treee lL Ones 400 Grand tota] number of societies ....... 79,077 Grand tota] membership............... 8,953,850
Some of the chief journals of the society are The Christian Endeavor World, The Junior Christian Endeavor W orld, published in Boston; The Christian Endeavour Times, published in London; The Irish Endeavourer, of Portadown; The India Christian Endeavour, of Allahabad; The South African Endeavourer, of Cape Town; Die Jugendhilfe, of Berlin; Esfuerzo Cristiano, of Madrid; The Australian Christian Endeavour Link, of Melbourne; The Roll Call, of Sydney; and fifty or more other papers are published by national, state, or local unions.
The president of the United Society is Rev. Francis E. Clark, the general secretary is William Shaw, the treasurer is Hiram N. Lathrop, and the editorial secretary is Amos R. Wells; while the officers of the World Union are Rev. Francis E. Clark (president), John Willis Baer (secretary), W. Shaw (treasurer and office secretary), and George W. Coleman (auditor). Francis E. Cuark.
BIBLIOGRAPHY: By F. E. Clark, Young People’s Prayer Meetings, New York, 1887; World-Wide Endeavor, Boston, ton, 1895; Training the Church of the Future, New York, 1902; Christian Endeavor Manual, Boston, 1903; Christian Endeavor in All Lands, Philadelphia, 1906; and by A. R. Wells, Social Evenings, Boston, 1895; Junior Manual, ib. 1895; Prayer-Meeting Methods, ib. 1896; Our Unions, ib. 1896; Citizens in Training, ib. 1898; The Missionary Manual, ib. 1899; The Officer’s Handbook, ib. 1900; The Young People’s Pastor, ib. 1905; Expert Endeavor, ib. 1911.
XIV. Young Women’s Christian Association of the United States of America: The organization known as the Young Women’s Christian Association of the United States of America, with thousands of members and over 875 local associations, had its beginning in 1858, in a small society formed in New York by Mrs. Marshall O. Roberts, and called at first a Union Prayer Circle. Later in the same year the name was changed to Ladies’ Chris-
tian Association, its object being ‘‘ to
1. Origin labor for the temporal, moral, and re-
and ligious welfare of young self-supporting
Purpose. women,” and two years later this so-
ciety opened a boarding-home for such young women. In 1866 the name of the organization was changed to Ladies’ Christian Union, and its charter was secured, and in the same year the Young Women’s Christian Association of Boston was organized, modeled more or less after the Young Men’s Christian Association (q.v.). In 1872-73 a prayer group in Normal University, Normal, IIL, was formed and organized into a Young Ladies’ Christian Association, which later took the name Young Women’s Christian Association, and these organizations were duplicated in other city and student centers until the present large organization has been developed. The purpose of the association
in every case has been to develop a well-rounded Christian womanhood in the community where the organization exists. To build up a strong body, to increase healthy, social instincts, to train the mind, and to strengthen the spiritual and moral forces, nothing less than this has been the aim. To accomplish this purpose, methods are employed which differ from each other as widely as do the local surroundings of the various associations, but whatever the methods, the underlying principles are the same in all. These fundamentals are that the individual improves far more when she herself desires it than when some one else is trying to improve her; that cooperation will accomplish much more than isolated effort; and that cooperation is easier to attain when it is possible to have like working with like. Any young woman of good moral character may become a member of the association by the payment of an annual fee (generally $1), though voting and office-holding are in most cases confined to those who are members of Protestant Evangelical churches.
Four general departments exist in a city association: physical, social, educational, and religious work. The physical department requires a gymnasium, where a girl may gain strength and vigor through careful drill exercise, watched over by a competent and trained director. A girl who has stood at a loom or who has been bending over a needle all day needs a general limbering up in the gymnasium before she is ready to go into a study class or a religious meeting and get the best out of it. Swimming-pools and bowling-alleys are provided in many associations. The social department makes provision for a young woman in a strange city, or even for one who in her own city is busy in
an office all day long, and has no time 2. City and or opportunity to make friends. For
Student the enlarging of her life, parties and Associa- clubs are formed in which she may meet tions. other girls and women, and have a good
time in a natural and healthy way. There is also a lunch and rest room where a young woman may buy her whole luncheon, or may bring her sandwiches and buy only a bowl of soup or a cup of tea, and sit at a pleasant table to eat it. In many of these lunch rooms the “ cafeteria’? system is used—where from a side table the young women gather on a tray the dishes of food they wish and carry it themselves to their table. As this does away with most of the expense of service, lower prices can be charged, and a good luncheon can be supplied at an average cost of eleven or twelve cents. In a room nearby will be found couches where girls may rest after luncheon before returning to work. Under the educational department is grouped the work for the mental or manual training of the young women, and classes as widely differing as Latin, stenography, or domestic science are provided at low rates. It is the aim of this department to provide any class for which there may be a real demand in the community, and some associations recently have been holding a summer school to coach girls who have fallen behind in their high-school work. Although there is an individual department for the religious work of the association, this work in real-