THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
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the world just that message. Christian Science is a rational system of exact knowledge, derived from the spiritual meaning of the Bible and the doctrines of Christ Jesus, setting forth the relations of God and man. The understanding of this demonstrable system as methodically formulated by Mrs. Eddy so influences the mental, moral, and spiritual state of man as to heal him and make him “ every whit whole” (John vii. 23). This is true and sure healing, and the highest expression of psychotherapy. Henry VAN ARSDALE.
RENTOUL, JOHN LAURENCE: Australian Presbyterian; b. at Garvagh (25 m. e. of Londonderry), County Derry, Ireland, July 6, 1846. He was educated at Queen’s College, Belfast, Queen’s University, Dublin (M.A., 1868), the Assembly College, Belfast, and the University of Leipsic. He was minister successively of St. George’s, Southport, Lancashire (1872-79), and of St. George’s, St. Kilda, Melbourne (1879-84), and since 1884 has been connected with Ormond College, Melbourne University, first as professor of Hebrew and of Christian philosophy (1884-88) and later as professor of New- Testament Greek and exegesis (since 1888). He is president of the faculty of Ormond College, and was moderator of the General Assembly at Victoria in 1890, and a delegate to the Pan-Presbyterian Council at Toronto two years later. He is founder and president of the Peace, Humanity, and Arbitration Society, and from this point of view has opposed the South African war, defended the Australian aborigines, and sought to further the settlement of labor difficulties by arbitration. In addition to a large number of contributions to periodicals, etc., he has written Sermons... Preached at Southport (London, 1876); also The Early Church and the Roman Claims; and Prayers for Australian Households.
SCOTT, ERNEST FINDLAY: Canadian Presbyterian; b. at Tow Law (10 m. w. of Durham), England, March 18, 1868. He was educated at Glasgow University (M.A., 1888), Balliol College, Oxford (B.A., 1892), and the United Presbyterian College, Edinburgh (1894). He was minister of the United Free Church at Prestwick, Scotland, from 1895 to 1908, and was also Robertson Lecturer in Glasgow University in 1906-07, while since 1908 he has been professor of New-Testament literature in Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont. In theology he belongs to the liberal school, and has written The Fourth Gospel, its Purpose and Theology (Edinburgh, 1906; 2d ed., 1908), The Apologetic of the New Testament (London, 1907), The Historical and Religious Value of the Fourth Gospel (Boston, 1909), and The Kingdom and the Messiah (Edinburgh, 1911).
SOUTH SEA ISLANDS: Niue or Savage Island: This island lies between 18 and 19° south latitude and 170° west longitude. It is about 350 miles s.e. of Samoa, is about 40 miles in circumference, and has a population of about 5,000. It was annexed to New Zealand in 1901. It was called Savage Island by Captain Cook owing to the character of the natives who, he says, rushed upon him like wild boars. Unsuccessful attempts at evangelization were made by the Rev, John Williams and others of the London
Missionary Society, but in 1846 the Rev. William Wyatt Gill and Rev. Henry Nisbet were able to place on the island a native teacher named Peniamina. In 1849 Paulo and his wife, Samoans who had been trained at the Malua Institution, were landed there, and several of the missionaries visited the island. In 1861 the Rev. William George Lawes became the first resident missionary, and after his appointment to New Guinea his brother, Rev. Francis Edwin’ Lawes, was in sole charge of the mission till 1909. There are now in connection with the London Missionary Society 11 native ordained agents, 16 native preachers, 1,800 church-members, 2,077 adherents, 11 Sunday-schools with 1,312 scholars, and 12 day schools with 1,220 scholars. ArtTHur N. JOHNSON.
SUPERANNUATION: Disqualification for active service by reason primarily of age, then of physical or mental disability. In Germany there exist institutions known as Emeritenanstalten which have as their object the support of superannuated servants of the Church, the basis being the consideration that those who have devoted their powers to this service have a claim upon the Church for support so long as they live, and that it is a duty of the organization to provide for them. But it is considered nothing less than fair that the minister, so long as he holds a lucrative position, contribute an allotted proportion of his income in view of the possibility of his becoming emeritus. There are in many places also funds which are derived in part at least from the income from a parish during the intervals when by reason of a vacancy there is no salary to be paid or from some portion of it. In different parts of the German Empire different ordinances are in force with reference to the proportion thus to be applied. The Roman Catholics have institutions known as domus emeritorum or Priesterhospitale which serve the purpose of supporting aged or disabled priests, in some cases the buildings of former monastic institutions being applied to this end.
(H. F. Jacospsont.)
In England and America the support of superannuated ministers is accomplished by the establishment of special funds, partly derived from endowments and partly from collections made annually or more frequently, under the care of boards which form a part of the machinery of the different denominations. Homes are also maintained to which the minister may retire when his service is ended.
THEOLOGICAL SEMINARIES: XIXa. United Brethren in Christ—Bonebrake Theological Seminary: This is the only theological institution under the auspices of the church of the United Brethren in Christ, which now numbers 293,000 members. It is located at Dayton, O., and was opened for work Oct. 11, 1871, under the name of Union Biblical Seminary. In recognition of a gift of Kansas lands by Mr. and Mrs. John M. Bonebrake of Veedersburg, Ind., valued at $50,000 and upward, the board of directors in Jan., 1909, changed the name. The first faculty consisted of Rev. Lewis Davis, D.D., and Rev. George A. Funkhouser, A.M. Rev. J. P. Landis, A.M., then pastor of Summit Street Church, rendered assistance in Hebrew
and homiletics, and in 1880 was elected to the chair of Hebrew and pastoral theology. The same year Rev. A. W. Drury, A.M., was called to the chair of church history, being transferred to the chair of systematic theology in 1895, upon the death of John W. Etter, D.D.
The present faculty consists of Rev. J. P. Landis, Ph.D., D.D., president and professor of Old-Testament theology and Hebrew exegesis; Rev. G. A. Funkhouser, D.D., LL.D., Greek exegesis; Rev. A. W. Drury, D.D., systematic theology; Rev. 8. D. Faust, D.D., church history; Rev. J. G. Huber, D.D., homiletics and secretary of faculty; Rev. J. Balmer Showers, B.D., New-Testament exegesis; Rey. W. A. Weber, B.D., religious. pedagogy and education. i
Four courses of study are offered: the regular course, which is substantially the equivalent of theological courses in the seminaries of our country; the English course, offered to persons not having a college diploma, and others who may not wish the Hebrew; a two-years’ missionary course and a twoyears’ deaconess course. It will thus appear that women are admitted, most of whom have prepared for mission work or as parish deaconesses, though several have completed the English course and several have taken the regular course, which includes Hebrew and Greek.
This seminary was one of the very first to introduce studies in Sunday-school lines, and six years ago the chair of religious pedagogy and education was constituted. Prominence has also for years been given to missions. Thirty-eight students have gone to the foreign field, and a large number into
Rentoul