GREEK · G3782
ὀφειλή
opheilē — debt
ὀφειλή, -ῆς, ἡ (ὀφείλω), a debt: Mat.18:32; metaphorically, one's due: Rom.13:7, 1Co.7:3 (found also in π.; see Deiss., BS, 221; MM, xviii).† (AS)
3 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →BIBLE DICTIONARY + WORD STUDY
Debt
Original Hebrew / Aramaic / Greek connected to this term
How to read this: there is rarely one magic “true meaning” hidden behind an English word. A lexicon records a word’s semantic range. The intended meaning is narrowed by grammar, sentence, author, historical usage and context.
GREEK · G3783
ὀφείλημα
opheilēma — debt
ὀφείλημα, -τος, τό (ὀφείλω), [in LXX: Deu.24:10 (מַשָּׁאָה), I Est.3:20, 1Ma.15:8 * ;] that which is owed, a debt: Rom.4:4; metaphorically (as Aram. חוֺבָא חוֺב), of sin as a debt, Mat.6:12.† (AS)
2 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →GREEK · G1156
δάνειον
daneion — debt
δάνιον, -ου, τό (late form of δάνειον, Rec.; see: δανίζω), [in LXX: Deu.24:11 (נָשָׁה) 15:8, 10 (עָבַט hi.), 4Ma.2:8 * ;] a loan: Mat.18:27.† (AS)
1 tagged verse occurrence · see every occurrence →HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H5386
נְשִׁי
ne.shi — debt
debt
1 tagged verse occurrence · see every occurrence →HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H5671
עַבְטִיט
av.tit — debt
weight of pledges, heavy debts
1 tagged verse occurrence · see every occurrence →GREEK · G6063
οἶδα
oida — to know
1. to know , εὖ οἶδα I know well; εὖ ἴσθι be assured : often with accusative rei, νοήματα οἶδε, μήδεα οἶδε he is versed in counsels, (Homer); with neut. Adjs., πεπνυμένα, φίλα, ἀθεμίστια εἰδώς (Homer); also with genitive, τόξων εὖ εἰδώς cunning in the use of the bow; οἰωνῶν σάφα εἰδώς (Odyssey by Homer): —; χάριν εἰδέναι τινί to acknowledge a debt to another, thank him , (Iliad by Homer), etc.:—;the Imperat. in protestations, ἴστω Ζεὺς αὐτός be Zeus my witness , (Iliad by Homer); doric ἴττω Ζεύς, ἴττω (Aristophanes Comicus): —; εἰδώς absolute one who knows , εἰδυίηι πάντ᾽ ἀγορεύω (Iliad by Homer); ἰδυίηισι πραπίδεσσι with knowing mind, (Iliad by Homer) 2. with infinitive to know how to do, (Iliad by Homer), attic 3. with the participle to know that so and so is the case, ἴσθι μοι δώσων know that thou wilt give, (Aeschulus Tragicus); τὸν Μῆδον ἴσμεν ἐλθόντα (Thucydides) 4. οὐκ οἶδα εἰ, I know not whether, expresses disbelief, like Lat. nescio an non, οὐκ οἶδ᾽ ἂν εἰ πείσαιμι (Euripides) 5. οἶδα or ἴσθι are often parenthetic, οἶδ᾽ ἐγώ (Euripides); οἶδ᾽ ὅτι, οἶσθ᾽ ὅτι, ἴσθ᾽ ὅτι, πάρειμι (Sophocles Tragicus); so, εὖ οἶδ᾽ ὅτι (Demosthenes Orator): —;in [variant datesTragica Adespota also, οἶσθ᾽ ὃ δρᾶσο; equivalent to δρᾶσον —; οἶσθ᾽ ; do —; know'st thou what? i. e. make haste and do; οἶσθ᾽ ὡς ποίησον, etc. (ML)
262 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →GREEK · G863
ἀφίημι
aphiēmi — to release: leave
ἀφ-ίημι, [in LXX for נשׂא, נוח hi., נתן, סלח ni., עזב, etc. ;] 1. to send forth, send away, let go: of divorce (DB, iii, 274a), τ. γυναῖκα (Hdt.), 1Co.7:11-13; of death, τ. πνεῦμα (Gen.35:18, Hdt., al.), Mat.27:50; (φωνήν, to utter a cry, Mrk.15:37; of debts, to remit, forgive (cl.), τ. δανεῖον, Mat.18:27; τ. ὀφειλήν, Mat.18:32; esp. of sins (Cremer 296f.), τ. ἁμαρτίας, ἁμαρτήματα, ἀνομίας, Mat.9:2, Rom.4:7" (LXX), 1Jn.1:9, al.; punctiliar and iterative present (M, Pr., 119), Mrk.2:5, Luk.11:4; Ion. pf., ἀφέωνται (M, Pr., 38), Luk.5:23. 2. to leave alone, leave, neglect: Mat.4:11 5:24 15:14, Mrk.1:20, 31 Jhn.4:3, 28 al.; τ. ἐντολὴν τ. θεοῦ, Mrk.7:8; τον̀ τ. ἀρχῆς τ. Χριστοῦ λόγον, Heb.6:1; τ. ἀγάπην τ. πρώτην, Rev.2:4; ptcp., ἀφείς, pleonastic (as in Aram.; M, Pr., 14; Dalman, Words, 21f.), Mat.13:36 22:22, Mrk.8:13, al. 3. to let, suffer, permit: Mat.3:15; with accusative, Mat.3:15, 19:14, al.; with accusative of thing(s) and dative of person(s), Mat.5:40; with inf. pres., Mat.23:14, al.; aor., Mrk.5:37, al.; in late Gk. (M, Pr., 175f.), before ἵνα, Mrk.11:16, Jhn.12:7; with subjunct. (M, Pr., l.with; Bl., §64, 2), Mat.7:4 27:49, Mrk.15:36, Luk.6:42 (see further MM, see word). (AS)
130 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →GREEK · G630
ἀπολύω
apoluō — to release: release
ἀπο-λύω [in LXX for שׁוּב, etc., frequently in 1-4 Mac ;] 1. to set free, release: Luk.13:12, Jhn.19:10, al.; a debtor, Mat.18:27; metaphorically, of forgiveness, Luk.6:37. 2. to let go, dismiss (Field, Notes, 9 f.): Mat.15:23, Luk.2:29 9:12, Act.19:41, al.; of divorce, τ. γυναῖκα: Mat.1:19 5:31-32 19:3, 8 19:10 Mrk.10:2, 4 10:11, Luk.16:18; with ref. to Gk. and Rom. (net Jewish) custom, τ. ἄνδρα: Mrk.10:12. Mid., to depart: Act.28:25 (MM, see word) (AS)
61 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →GREEK · G591
ἀποδίδωμι
apodidōmi — to pay
ἀπο-δίδωμι [in LXX for מָכַר, שׁוּב hi., נָתַן, שָׁלֵם pi., etc. ;] to give up or back, restore, return: Mat.27:58, Luk.4:20 9:42 19:8; esp. of wages, debts, oaths, etc. (MM, see word), to render what is due, to pay (Deiss., LAE, 334 f.): absol., Mat.18:25, 28, Luk.7:42. with accusative, Mat.5:26 18:29-30, 34 20:8 21:41 22:21, Mrk.12:17, Luk.10:35 12:59 20:25, Rom.13:7, Heb.12:11, Rev.22:2; ὅρκους, Mat.5:33 (cf. Num.30:3, Deu.23:21 al.); of conjugal duty, τ. ὀφειλήν, 1Co.7:3; ἀμοιβάς, 1Ti.5:4; μαρτύριον, to give (as in duty bound) testimony, Act.4:33; λόγον, to render account, Mat.12:36, Luk.16:2, Act.19:40, Heb.13:17, 1Pe.4:5; hence of requital, recompense, both in good and bad sense, Mat.6:4, 6 6:18 16:27, Rom.2:6, 2Ti.4:8 4:14 Rev.18:6 22:12; κακὸν ἀντὶ κακοῦ, Rom.12:17, 1Th.5:15, 1Pe.3:9. Mid., to give up of one's own, hence to sell (fr. Hdt. on): with accusative of thing(s), Act.5:8, Heb.12:16; with accusative of person(s), Act.7:9 (cf. ἀνταποδίδωμι) .† (AS)
46 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →GREEK · G3784
ὀφείλω
opheilō — to owe
ὀφείλω [in LXX: Deu.15:2, Isa.24:2 (נָשָׁה), Eze.18:7 (חוֹב), Wis.12:15, 20, al. ;] to owe, be a debtor: with accusative of thing(s), Mat.18:28, Luk.7:41 16:7, Phm 18; id. with dative of person(s), Mat.18:28, Luk.16:5. Pass., to be owed, to be due: τ. ὀφειλόμενον, Mat.18:30, 34. Metaphorical: absol. (= Rabbinic חַיָּב; see McNeile, in l), Mat.23:16, 18; with accusative of thing(s) and dative of person(s), Rom.13:8; with inf., to be bound or obliged to do (of. Westc., Epp. Jo., 50), Luk.17:10, Jhn.13:14 19:7, Act.17:29, Rom.15:1, 27, 1Co.5:10 7:36 9:10 11:7 11:10, 2Co.12:14, Eph.5:28, 2Th.1:3 2:13, Heb.2:17 5:3, 12, 1Jn.2:6 Jn 3:16 Jn 4:11, 3Jn.8; ὤειλον συνίστασθαι, I ought to have been commended, 2Co.12:11. In peculiar Aram. sense of having wronged one (see: όφείλημα; but of. also Inscr. ἁμαρτίαν ὀφείίλω, Deiss., BS, 225), with dative of person(s), Luk.11:4 (cf. προσ-οφίελω).† (AS)
34 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →GREEK · G5483
χαρίζω
charizō — to give grace
χαρίζομαι (χάρις), [in LXX: Est.8:7 (נָתַן), Sng.1:4 א, Sir.12:3, 2 -4Ma.9:1-32 * ;] 1. to show favour or kindness: with dative of person(s), Gal.3:18. 2. to give freely, bestow: with accusative and dative, Luk.7:21, Act.3:14 25:11, 16 27:24, Rom.8:32, 1Co.2:12, Php.1:29 2:9, Phm 22. 3. In late Gk. (= Lat. condonare), to grant forgiveness, forgive freely: of debt, Luk.7:42-43 (EGT, in l); of sin, 2Co.2:7 2:10 12:13, Eph.4:32, Col.2:13 3:13 (cf. DB, ii, 57a).† (AS)
19 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →GREEK · G3781
ὀφειλέτης
opheiletēs — debtor
ὀφειλέτης, -ου, ὁ (ὀφείλω), a debtor: with genitive (of the amount), Mat.18:24. Metaphorical, of obligation or duty in general, with reference to favours received or injury done, etc.: Mat.6:12, Rom.1:14 8:12 15:27, Gal.5:3; of sinners, in relation to God (= Heb. חַיָּב; cf. Sir (Heb.8:5) (6)), Luk.13:4.† (AS)
7 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H5667
עֲבוֹט
a.vot — pledge
pledge, a thing given as security, article pledged as security for debt
4 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H8059
שְׁמִטָּה
she.mit.tah — remission
letting drop of exactions, (temporary) remitting, release (from debt)
4 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H5670
עָבַט
a.vat — to lend
1) to take a pledge, give a pledge (for a debt) 1a) (Qal) to take a pledge, give a pledge (for a debt) 1b)(Piel) to interchange 1c) (Hiphil) to cause to give a pledge
3 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →GREEK · G5533
χρεωφειλέτης
chreōpheiletēs — debtor
χρεοφειλέτης (Rec. χρεω-, WH, χρεοφιλ-; see WH, App., 152, 154), -ου, ὁ, (χρέος, a debt, + ὀφειλέτης) [in LXX: Job.31:37, Pro.29:13 * ;] a debtor: Luk.7:41 16:5.† (AS)
2 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →GREEK · G3929
πάρεσις
paresis — passing over
πάρεσις, -εως, ἡ (παρίημι), 1. a letting go, dismissal. 2. prætermission, passing by (of debt or sin) : Rom.3:25† SYN.: ἄφεσις, q.v (AS)
1 tagged verse occurrence · see every occurrence →GREEK · G6647
βαίνω
bainō — to go
1. in most forms, 2. intransitive to walk, step , properly of motion on foot , ποσσὶ or ποσὶ βαίνειν (Homer), etc.; with infinitive in (Homer), βῆ ἰέναι, βῆ ἰέμεν set out to go, went his way, (Iliad by Homer); βῆ θέειν started to run, (Iliad by Homer); βῆ δ᾽ ἐλάαν, (Iliad by Homer), etc.:—;with accusative loci, (Sophocles Tragicus); and with all Preps. implying motion, as, ἐπὶ νηὸς ἔβαινεν was going on board ship, (Odyssey by Homer); ἐφ᾽ ἵππων βάντες having mounted the chariot, (Odyssey by Homer); βαίνειν δι᾽ αἵματος to wade through blood, (Euripides), etc. 3. in perfect to stand or be in a place, χῶρος ἐν ὧι βεβήκαμεν (Sophocles Tragicus); often almost= εἰμί (sum) , εὖ βεβηκώς on a good footing , well established, prosperous , (Herdotus Historicus), etc.; so, οἱ ἐν τέλει βεβῶτες they who are in office, (Herdotus Historicus); compare ξυρόν. 4. to go, go away, depart , (Iliad by Homer); βέβηκα euphamistic for τέθνηκα, (Aeschulus Tragicus):—;of things, ἐννέα ἐνιαυτοὶ βεβάασι nine years have come and gone , (Iliad by Homer) 5. to come , τίπτε βέβηκα; (Iliad by Homer): to arrive , (Sophocles Tragicus) 6. to go on, advance , ἐς τόδε τόλμης, ἐς τοσοῦτον ἐλπίδων (Sophocles Tragicus) 7. with accusative to mount , (Homer) only in aor1 middle, βήσασθαι δίφρον:—; Pass., ἵπποι βαινόμεναι brood mares, (Herdotus Historicus) 8. χρέος ἔβα με debts came on me, (Aristophanes Comicus) 9. in Poets, with accusative of the instrument of motion, which is simply pleonastic, βαίνειν πόδα to advance the foot, step on , (Euripides), etc. 10. Causal, in future βήσω, aor1 ἔβησα:—; to make to go , βῆσεν ἀφ᾽ ἵππον, ἐξ ἵππων βῆσε brought them down from the chariot, (Iliad by Homer) The present in this sense is βιβάζω. (ML)
0 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →GREEK · G7236
ἐνεχυράζω
enechurazō — to take for security
1. to take a pledge from one, τινός Lex quoted in (Demosthenes Orator) 2. with accusative rei, to take in pledge , (Demosthenes Orator):—;Pass. to have one's goods seized for debt , (Aristophanes Comicus):—;Mid. to have security given one, take it for oneself , (Aristophanes Comicus) (ML)
0 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →GREEK · G9599
ὑπόχρεως
hupochreōs — a debtor
1. indebted, in debt , (Aristophanes Comicus); ὑπ. τινος his debtor , (Plutarch) 2. of property, involved , Lat. obaeratus, (Demosthenes Orator) 3. with genitive, ὑπ. φιλίας bound by ties of friendship, (Plutarch) (ML)
0 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →GREEK · G9726
χθιζός
chthizos — of yesterday
of yesterday , τὸ χθιζὸν χρεῖος their yesterday's debt, (Iliad by Homer); ὁ χθ. πόνος yesterday's labour, (Herdotus Historicus); in adverbial sense, with Verbs, χθιζὸς ἔβη he went yesterday , (Iliad by Homer); χθ. ἤλυθες (Odyssey by Homer), etc.:—;neuter χθιζόν as adverb = χθές, (Homer); so plural χθιζά, see. πρώιζος. (ML)
0 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →GREEK · G9756
χρέος
chreos — a debt
1. that which one needs must pay, an obligation, debt , (Odyssey by Homer); a debt for stolen cattle , (Iliad by Homer); χρεῖος ἀποστήσασθαι to pay a debt in full, (Iliad by Homer); ἀρᾶς τίνει χρ. pays the debt demanded by the curse, (Aeschulus Tragicus); χρέος πόλει προσάπτειν to attach a further debt , i.e. guilt to the city, (Sophocles Tragicus); χρέος ἀποδιδόναι to repay a debt , (Herdotus Historicus):—;in plural debts , χρειῶν λύσις (Hesiod); τὴν οὐσίαν ἅπασαν χρέα κατέλιπε left all the property in outstanding debts , (Demosthenes Orator) 2. a needful business, an affair, matter , ἑὸν αὐτοῦ χρεῖος (Odyssey by Homer): a requirement, a purpose , (Sophocles Tragicus): with genitive, like χάριν, for the sake of , σὸν οὐκ ἔλασσον ἢ κείνης χρέος (Euripides) 3. like χρῆμα, a thing , τί χρέο; = τί χρῆμ; wherefore? (Aeschulus Tragicus); ἐφ᾽ ὅ τι χρ. ἐμόλετ; (Euripides) 4. in (Odyssey by Homer), ἦλθον Τειρεσίαο κατὰ χρέος seems to be = Τειρεσίᾳ χρησόμενος, I came to consult him:—;but, κατὰ χρέος according to what is due , as is meet , (Homeric Hymns) 5. a duty, task, charge, office , (Pindar) (ML)
0 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H2326
חוֹב
chov — debtor
a debt, debtor
0 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →Historical dictionary entry
The Mosaic law encouraged the practice of lending (Deut. 15:7; Ps. 37:26; Matt. 5:42); but it forbade the exaction of interest except from foreigners. Usury was strongly condemned (Prov. 28:8; Ezek. 18:8, 13, 17; 22:12; Ps. 15:5). On the Sabbatical year all pecuniary obligations were cancelled (Deut. 15:1-11). These regulations prevented the accumulation of debt.
Scripture references
Deuteronomy 15:7Psalms 37:26Matthew 5:42Proverbs 28:8Ezekiel 18:8Ezekiel 18:13Ezekiel 18:17Psalms 15:5Deuteronomy 15:1-11
Source: Easton’s Bible Dictionary (1897). Historical dictionary wording reflects the scholarship and language of its era.