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Pulse

Original Hebrew / Aramaic / Greek connected to this term

How to read this: there is rarely one magic “true meaning” hidden behind an English word. A lexicon records a word’s semantic range. The intended meaning is narrowed by grammar, sentence, author, historical usage and context.

HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H7725

שׁוּב

shuv — to return: return

: return 1) to return, turn back 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to turn back, return 1a1a) to turn back 1a1b) to return, come or go back 1a1c) to return unto, go back, come back 1a1d) of dying 1a1e) of human relations (fig) 1a1f) of spiritual relations (fig) 1a1f1) to turn back (from God), apostatise 1a1f2) to turn away (of God) 1a1f3) to turn back (to God), repent 1a1f4) turn back (from evil) 1a1g) of inanimate things 1a1h) in repetition 1b) (Polel) 1b1) to bring back 1b2) to restore, refresh, repair (fig) 1b3) to lead away (enticingly) 1b4) to show turning, apostatise 1c) (Pual) restored (participle) 1d) (Hiphil) to cause to return, bring back 1d1) to bring back, allow to return, put back, draw back, give back, restore, relinquish, give in payment 1d2) to bring back, refresh, restore 1d3) to bring back, report to, answer 1d4) to bring back, make requital, pay (as recompense) 1d5) to turn back or backward, repel, defeat, repulse, hinder, reject, refuse 1d6) to turn away (face), turn toward 1d7) to turn against 1d8) to bring back to mind 1d9) to show a turning away 1d10) to reverse, revoke 1e) (Hophal) to be returned, be restored, be brought back 1f) (Pulal) brought back

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GREEK · G4151

πνεῦμα

pneuma — spirit/breath: spirit

πνεῦμα, -τος, τό, [in LXX chiefly and very frequently for רוּחַ ;] 1. of air in motion; (a) wind: Jhn.3:8; pl., Heb.1:7 (LXX); (b) breath: π. ζωῆς, Rev.11:11; π. τοῦ στόματος, figuratively, 2Th.2:8 (cf. Ps 32 (33)6). 2. Of the vital principle, the spirit (Arist., Polyb., al.): Luk.8:55, Jhn.19:30, Act.7:59, al.; opposite to σάρξ, Mat.26:41, Mrk.14:38, 1Co.5:5, al.; to σῶμα, Rom.8:10, 1Co.6:17 7:34, 1Pe.4:6; to ψυχή, Php.1:27, Heb.4:12; τὸ π. καὶ ἡ ψ. καὶ τ. σῶμα, 1Th.5:23 (M, Th., in l.); dative, τῷ π., in spirit, Mrk.2:8 8:12, Jhn.11:33 13:21, Act.18:25, Rom.12:11, 1Co.7:34, 1Pe.3:18, al.; of the human spirit of Christ, Rom.1:4, 1Ti.3:16. 3. spirit, i.e. frame of mind, disposition, influence: Luk.1:17, Rom.8:15, 1Co.4:21, Gal 6:1, Eph.2:2, 2Ti.1:7, 1Jn.4:6, al. 4. An incorporeal being, a spirit: Luk.24:37, 39 Act.23:8; π. ὁ θεός, God is spirit, Jhn.4:24; πατὴρ τῶν π., Heb.12:9; of disembodied human beings, Heb.12:23, 1Pe.3:19 (ICC, in l.; DB, iii, 795); of angels. Heb.1:14; of demons or evil spirits, Mat.8:16, Mrk.9:20, Luk.9:39, al.; π. πύθυωνα, Act.16:16; πνεύματα δαιμονίων, Rev.16:14; π. δαιμονίου ἀκαθάρτου, Luk.4:33; π. ἀσθενείας (Bl., §35, 5), Luk.13:11; π. ἀκάθαρτον, Mat.10:1, Mrk.1:23, Luk.4:36, Act.5:16; π. ἄλαλον (καὶ κωφόν), Mrk.9:17, 25; πονηρόν, Luk.7:21, Act.19:12, al. 5. Of the Holy Spirit, π. ἅγιον, τὸ ἅ. π., τὸ π. τὸ ἅ. τὸ π., π. (the article as a rule being used when the Spirit is regarded as a Person or a Divine Power, and omitted when the reference is to an operation, influence or gift of the Spirit; see WM, 151:5; Bl., §46, 7): anarth., Mat.1:18 3:11, 16 4:1, Mrk.1:8 (Swete, in l.), ib.10, Luk.1:15, Jhn.7:39, Act.19:2, Rom.5:5, 1Co.2:4, al.; with art., Mat.4:1 12:31, 32 Mrk.1:10 3:29, Luk.2:26, Jhn.7:36 14:26, Act.4:31 5:3, Rom.8:16, al.; (τὸ) π. (τοῦ) θεοῦ, Mat.3:16, Rom.8:9, Eph.3:16, 1Jn.4:2, al.; τὸ π. τ. πατρός, Mat.10:20; π. θεοῦ ζῶντος, 2Co.3:3; (τὸ) π. τοῦ κυρίου, Luk.4:18, Act.5:9 8:39; τὸ π. Ἰησοῦ, Act.16:7; Χριστοῦ, Rom.8:9; Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, Php.1:19; τὸ π. τ. ἀληθείας, Jhn.15:26 16:13, 1Jn.4:6; λείγει (μαρτυρεῖ) τὸ π. (τὸ ἅγιον), Act.21:11 28:25, 1Ti.4:1, Heb.3:7 10:15, Rev.14:13; before τ. ἐκκλησίαις, Rev.2:7, 11 17, 29, 3:6, 12, 22; ἐν τ. π., Luk.2:27; κατὰ πνεῦμα, Rom.8:4, 5; ἐξ ὕδατος καὶ π., Jhn.3:5, διὰ πνεύματος αἰωνίου, Heb.9:14; ἐν ἁγιασμῷ πνεύματος, 2Th.2:13, 1Pe.1:2; ἓν π., 1Co.12:13, Eph.2:18 4:4; ὁ δὲ κύριος τὸ π. ἐστιν, 2Co.3:17; of that which is effected or governed by the Spirit, opposite to γράμμα, Rom.2:29 7:6, 2Co.3:6. SYN.: νοῦς, which in NT is contrasted with π. as "the action of the understanding in man with that of the spiritual or ecstatic impulse" (DB, iv, 612); ψυχή — the usual term in cl. psychology—in NT, "expresses man as apart from God, a separate individual, π. expresses man as drawing his life from God" (DB, 1-vol., 872). (AS)

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HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H7307

רוּחַ

ru.ach — spirit

: spirit 1) wind, breath, mind, spirit 1a) breath 1b) wind 1b1) of heaven 1b2) quarter (of wind), side 1b3) breath of air 1b4) air, gas 1b5) vain, empty thing 1c) spirit (as that which breathes quickly in animation or agitation) 1c1) spirit, animation, vivacity, vigour 1c2) courage 1c3) temper, anger 1c4) impatience, patience 1c5) spirit, disposition (as troubled, bitter, discontented) 1c6) disposition (of various kinds), unaccountable or uncontrollable impulse 1c7) prophetic spirit 1d) spirit (of the living, breathing being in man and animals) 1d1) as gift, preserved by God, God's spirit, departing at death, disembodied being 1e) spirit (as seat of emotion) 1e1) desire 1e2) sorrow, trouble 1f) spirit 1f1) as seat or organ of mental acts 1f2) rarely of the will 1f3) as seat especially of moral character 1g) Spirit of God, the third person of the triune God, the Holy Spirit, coequal, coeternal with the Father and the Son 1g1) as inspiring ecstatic state of prophecy 1g2) as impelling prophet to utter instruction or warning 1g3) imparting warlike energy and executive and administrative power 1g4) as endowing men with various gifts 1g5) as energy of life 1g6) as manifest in the Shekinah glory 1g7) never referred to as a depersonalised force

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HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H7321

רוּעַ

ru.a — to shout

1) to shout, raise a sound, cry out, give a blast 1a) (Hiphil) 1a1) to shout a war-cry or alarm of battle 1a2) to sound a signal for war or march 1a3) to shout in triumph (over enemies) 1a4) to shout in applause 1a5) to shout (with religious impulse) 1a6) to cry out in distress 1b) (Polal) to utter a shout 1c) (Hithpolel) 1c1) to shout in triumph 1c2) to shout for joy 2) (Niphal) destroyed

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GREEK · G3709

ὀργή

orgē — wrath

ὀργή, -ῆς, ἡ [in LXX chiefly for אַף, also for חָרוֹן, חֵמָה, קָצַף, etc. ;] 1 1, impulse, propensity, disposition. 2. anger, wrath; (a) of men: Mrk.3:5, Eph.4:31, Col.3:8, 1Ti.2:8, Jas.1:19-20; (b) of God; α that reaction of the divine nature against sin which in anthropomorphic language is called anger: Rom.1:18 9:22 12:19, (ICC, in l), 1Th.1:10 2:16, Heb.3:11 4:3" (LXX) Rev.14:10 16:19 19:15; β of the effect of God's anger: Mat.3:7, Luk.3:7 21:23, Jhn.3:36, Rom.2:5, 8 3:5 4:15 5:9 13:4-5 Eph.5:6, Col.3:6, 1Th.5:9, Jas.1:20, Rev.6:16-17 11:18; σκεύη ὀργῆς, Rom.9:22; τέκνα ὀργῆς, Eph.2:3.† SYN.: see: θυμός (AS)

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HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H8643

תְּרוּעָה

te.ru.ah — shout

1) alarm, signal, sound of tempest, shout, shout or blast of war or alarm or joy 1a) alarm of war, war-cry, battle-cry 1b) blast (for march) 1c) shout of joy (with religious impulse) 1d) shout of joy (in general)

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GREEK · G2372

θυμός

thumos — wrath

θυμός, -οῦ, ὁ (θύω), [in LXX most frequently for אַף, also for חֱמָא, חָרוֹן, etc., 30 words in all ;] passion, hot anger, wrath: Heb.11:27; ὀργὴ καὶ θ., Rom.2:8, cf. Col.3:8; πικρία κ. θ., Eph.4:31; πλησθῆναι, πλήρης θυμοῦ, Luk.4:28, Act.19:28; θ. ἔχειν, Rev.12:12; οἶνος τ. θυμοῦ τ. πορνείας (cf. Jer.51:7), Rev.14:8 18:3 (cf. Rev.17:2); οἶνος τ. θ. τ. θεοῦ, Rev.14:10; τ. ὀργῆς τ. θεοῦ, Rev.16:19 19:15; ὁ θ. τ. θεοῦ, Rev.14:19 15:1, 7 16:1; pl., impulses or outbursts of anger: ἔρις, ζῆλος, θυμοὶ, ἐριθίαι, 2Co.12:20, Gal.5:20 (Cremer, 287, 733).† SYN.: ὀργή, παροργισμός (AS)

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HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H5472

סוּג

sug — to turn

1) to move, go, turn back, move away, backslide 1a) (Qal) to backslide, prove recreant to 1b) (Niphal) 1b1) to turn oneself away, turn back 1b2) to be turned or driven back, be repulsed Also means: sug (שׂוּג "to turn back" H7734)

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GREEK · G3499

νεκρόω

nekroō — to put to death

νεκρόω, ῶ (νεκρός), to make dead, put to death; pass., to be dead: hyperbolically, of impotent age, Heb.11:12; σῶμα, Rom.4:19. Trop., of carnal impulses, τὰ μέλη, Col.3:5.† (AS)

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GREEK · G3730

ὁρμή

hormē — impulse

ὁρμή, -ῆς, ἡ [in LXX: Pro.3:25 (שׁוֹא), etc. ;] 1. a violent movement, impulse: Jas.3:4; 2. a hostile movement, onset, assault. Act.14:5.† (AS)

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GREEK · G6311

ἀναστέλλω

anastellō — to rise upwards

1. to raise up :—; Mid. to gird up one's clothes, (Euripides) 2. to keep back, repulse an attack, (Euripides):—;Pass. to retire , (Thucydides) (ML)

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GREEK · G6951

διωθέω

diōtheō — to push away

1. to push asunder, tear away , (Iliad by Homer) 2. to thrust through , (Plutarch) 3. Mid. to push asunder for oneself, force one's way through, break through , with accusative, (Herdotus Historicus) 4. to push from oneself, push one another away , of seamen keeping ships from collision, (Thucydides):—; to drive back, repel, repulse , (Herdotus Historicus):—;absolute to get rid of danger , (Herdotus Historicus) 5. to reject , Lat. respuere, (Herdotus Historicus):—;absolute to refuse , (Herdotus Historicus) (ML)

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GREEK · G7106

ἐκκρούω

ekkrouō — to knock back

1. to knock out , τι ἐκ τῶν χειρῶν (Xenophon Historicus) 2. to drive back, repulse , (Thucydides): metaphorically to frustrate one of a thing, with genitive, (Plutarch) 3. to hiss an actor off the stage, explodere , (Demosthenes Orator) 4. to put off, adjourn by evasions , (Demosthenes Orator); ἐκκρ. τοὺς λόγους to baffle by putting off, elude , (Plato Philosophus) (ML)

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GREEK · G9766

χύτρα

chutra — an earthen pot

1. an earthen pot, a pot for boiling, pipkin , Lat. olla, (Aristophanes Comicus) 2. χύτραι, pots of pulse offered to inferior deities, (Aristophanes Comicus) (ML)

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GREEK · G9809

ὠθέω

ōtheō — to thrust through

1. to thrust, push, shove, force onwards or away , λᾶαν ἄνω ὤθεσκε he kept pushing it upwards, (Odyssey by Homer); ἀπ᾽ ὀφθαλμῶν νέφος ὦσεν Ἀθήνη (Iliad by Homer); ἐκ μηροῦ δόρυ ὦσε he forced the spear from the thigh, (Iliad by Homer); ὦσαί τινα ἀφ᾽ ἵππων (Iliad by Homer); ὦσαι ἑαυτὸν ἐς τὸ πῦρ to rush into the fire, (Herdotus Historicus); so, ὠθ. τινὰ ἐπὶ κεφαλήν to throw him headlong down, (Plato Philosophus); κατὰ πετρῶν (Euripides); ὦσαι τὴν θύραν to force the door, (Aristophanes Comicus) 2. to push or force back in battle, (Iliad by Homer) 3. to thrust out, banish , [variant datesTragica Adespota; ὦσαί τινα φυγάδα (Plato Philosophus); ὠθ. τινα ἄθαπτον (Sophocles Tragicus) 4. metaphorically, ὠθ. τὰ πρήγματα to push matters on, hurry them, (Herdotus Historicus) 5. absolute, ὦσα παρέξ pushed off from land, (Odyssey by Homer); ὤθει βιαίως (Euripides) 6. Mid., mostly in aor1, to thrust or push from oneself, push or force back, repulse , especially in battle, τείχεος ἂψ ὤσασθαι (Iliad by Homer); ὤσασθαι προτὶ Ἴλιον, προτὶ ἄστυ (Iliad by Homer); ὤσασθαι τὴν ἵππον (Herdotus Historicus); ὠσαμένων τὸ κέρας (Thucydides) 7. Pass. to be thrust on, to fall violently , ἐπὶ κεφαλήν (Herdotus Historicus); πρὸς βίαν (Euripides) 8. to force one's way , (Xenophon Historicus): to crowd on, throng , like ὠστίζομαι, (Xenophon Historicus) (ML)

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Historical dictionary entry

(Dan. 1:12, 16), R.V. “herbs,” vegetable food in general.

Scripture references

Source: Easton’s Bible Dictionary (1897). Historical dictionary wording reflects the scholarship and language of its era.

Compare other reference traditions

Look up Pulse in Smith’s Bible Dictionary and ISBE →