BIBLE DICTIONARY + WORD STUDY
How to read this: there is rarely one magic “true meaning” hidden behind an English word. A lexicon records a word’s semantic range. The intended meaning is narrowed by grammar, sentence, author, historical usage and context.
HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H6486
pe.qud.dah — punishment
1) oversight, care, custody, mustering, visitation, store 1a) visitation, punishment 1b) oversight, charge, office, overseer, class of officers 1c) mustering 1d) store
29 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →GREEK · G2851
kolasis — punishment
κόλασις, -εως, ἡ (κολάζω), [in LXX: Eze.14:3-7 18:30 44:12, (מִכְשׁוֹל) Eze.43:11, λαμβάνειν τὴν κ. (כָּלַם ni.); Wis.11:13 16:2, 24 19:4, Jer.18:20, 2-4 Mac.5 * ;] correction, penalty, punishment: Mat.25:46, 1Jn.4:18.† SYN.: τιμωρία, requital. Arist. distinguishes between κ . as that which, being disciplinary, has reference to the sufferer, and τ. as that which, being penal, has reference to the satisfaction of him who inflicts (see Thayer, see word κ., and cf. Tr., Syn., § vii). But in late Gk. especially, the distinction is not always maintained (see reff. in Thayer) (AS)
2 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →GREEK · G2009
epitimia — punishment
ἐπιτιμία, -ας, ἡ (ἐπιτιμάω), [in LXX: Wis_3:10 * ;] 1. citizenship, franchise. 2. As in Inscr. (LS, see word), LXX, l.with (= cl. τὸ ἐπιτίμιον), punishment, penalty: 2Co.2:6.† (AS)
1 tagged verse occurrence · see every occurrence →GREEK · G5098
timōria — punishment
τιμωρία, -ας, ἡ (τιμωρέω), [in LXX: Pro.24:22 (פִּיד), etc. ;] 1. help, assistance. 2. vengeance, punishment: Heb.10:29.† SYN.: κόλασις, which see, and cf. MM, xxiv (AS)
1 tagged verse occurrence · see every occurrence →HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H4941
mish.pat — justice: judgement
: judgement/punishment 1) judgment, justice, ordinance 1a) judgment 1a1) act of deciding a case 1a2) place, court, seat of judgment 1a3) process, procedure, litigation (before judges) 1a4) case, cause (presented for judgment) 1a5) sentence, decision (of judgment) 1a6) execution (of judgment) 1a7) time (of judgment) 1b) justice, right, rectitude (attributes of God or man) 1c) ordinance 1d) decision (in law) 1e) right, privilege, due (legal) 1f) proper, fitting, measure, fitness, custom, manner, plan
369 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H2398
cha.ta — to sin
1) to sin, miss, miss the way, go wrong, incur guilt, forfeit, purify from uncleanness 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to miss 1a2) to sin, miss the goal or path of right and duty 1a3) to incur guilt, incur penalty by sin, forfeit 1b) (Piel) 1b1) to bear loss 1b2) to make a sin-offering 1b3) to purify from sin 1b4) to purify from uncleanness 1c) (Hiphil) 1c1) to miss the mark 1c2) to induce to sin, cause to sin 1c3) to bring into guilt or condemnation or punishment 1d) (Hithpael) 1d1) to miss oneself, lose oneself, wander from the way 1d2) to purify oneself from uncleanness
206 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H5771
a.van — iniquity: crime
: crime 1) perversity, depravity, iniquity, guilt or punishment of iniquity 1a) iniquity 1b) guilt of iniquity, guilt (as great), guilt (of condition) 1c) consequence of or punishment for iniquity
177 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H6588
pe.sah — transgression
1) transgression, rebellion 1a1) transgression (against individuals) 1a2) transgression (nation against nation) 1a3) transgression (against God) 1a3a) in general 1a3b) as recognised by sinner 1a3c) as God deals with it 1a3d) as God forgives 1a4) guilt of transgression 1a5) punishment for transgression 1a6) offering for transgression
80 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H1410
gad — Gad
A man of the tribe of Gad living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.30.11; son of: Israel (H3478) and Zilpah (H2153); brother of: Asher (H0836); half-brother of: Reuben (H7205), Simeon (H8095), Levi (H3878), Judah (H3063), Dan (H1835H), Naphtali (H5321), Issachar (H3485), Zebulun (H2074), Dinah (H1783), Joseph (H3130) and Benjamin (H1144); father of: Ziphion (H6837), Haggi (H2291), Shuni (H7764), Ezbon (H0675), Eri (H6179), Arod (H0720) and Areli (H0692) § Gad = "troop" 1) seventh son of Jacob by Zilpah, Leah's handmaid, and full brother of Asher. 2) the tribe descended from Gad 3) a prophet during the time of David; appears to have joined David when in the hold; reappears in connection with the punishment for taking a census; also assisted in the arrangements for the musical service of the "house of God"
66 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H7585
she.ol — hell: Sheol
Sheol, underworld, grave, hell, pit 1a) the underworld 1b) Sheol-the OT designation for the abode of the dead 1b1) place of no return 1b2) without praise of God 1b3) wicked sent there for punishment 1b4) righteous not abandoned to it 1b5) of the place of exile (fig) 1b6) of extreme degradation in sin
59 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H4148
mu.sar — discipline
: discipline/punishment 1) discipline, chastening, correction 1a) discipline, correction 1b) chastening
49 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H5355
na.qi — innocent
1) clean, free from, exempt, clear, innocent 1a) free from guilt, clean, innocent 1b) free from punishment 1c) free or exempt from obligations Also means: na.qi (נָקִיא "innocent" H5355B)
41 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H2399
chet — sin
1) sin 1a) sin 1b) guilt for sin 1c) punishment for sin Aramaic equivalent: cha.ti (חֲטָי "sin" H2408)
32 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H5352
na.qah — to clear
1) to be empty, be clear, be pure, be free, be innocent, be desolate, be cut off 1a) (Qal) to be empty, be clean, be pure 1b) (Niphal) 1b1) to be cleaned out, be purged out 1b2) to be clean, be free from guilt, be innocent 1b3) to be free, be exempt from punishment 1b4) to be free, be exempt from obligation 1c) (Piel) 1c1) to hold innocent, acquit 1c2) to leave unpunished
32 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →GREEK · G4221
potērion — cup
ποτήριον, -ου, τό dimin. of ποτήρ (πίνω), [in LXX chiefly for כּוֹס:] a wine cup: Mat.23:25-26 26:27, Mrk.7:4 14:23, Luk.11:39 22:17, 20 a (WH, R, mg., cm.), 1Co.11:25, Rev.17:4; πίνειν ἐκ τοῦ π., 1Co.11:28; with genitive of thing(s), Mat.10:42, Mrk.9:41; τ. εὐλογίας, 1Co.10:16; by meton., of the contents of the cup, Luk.22:20 b (WH, R, mg., cm.), 1Co.11:25-26; with genitive of person(s), 1Co.10:21 11:27. Metaphorical, of experience of divine providence; of prosperity (Psa.16:5, al.); of adversity (Psa.11:6, Isa.51:17, al.): of the sufferings of Christ, Mat.20:22-23 26:39 10:38-39 14:36, Luk.22:42, Jhn.18:11; of divine punishment, Rev.14:10 16:19 18:6.† (AS)
28 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H816
a.sham — be guilty
1) to offend, be guilty, trespass 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to do wrong, offend, trespass, commit an offense, do injury 1a2) to be or become guilty 1a3) to be held guilty 1a4) to be incriminated 1b) (Niphal) to suffer punishment 1c) (Hiphil) to declare guilty 2) (TWOT) to be desolate, acknowledge offense
28 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H8433
to.khe.chah — rebuke
rebuke, correction, punishment, chastisement
26 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →GREEK · G156
aitia — cause/charge
αἰτία, -ας, ἡ, [in LXX: Gen.4:13 (עָוֹן), Pro.28:17 (עָשַׁק), and frequently in Wi, II, III Mac ;] 1. cause, reason, occasion, case: Mat.19:3, Luk.8:47, Act.10:21 22:24 28:20, 2Ti.1:6,12, Tit.1:13, Heb.2:11 ; εἰ οὕτως ἐστιν ἡ αἰ. (cf. Lat. si ita res se habet, and see MM. VGT, see word), Mat.19:10. 2. In forensic sense, (a) accusation: Act.25:18,27; (b) cause for punishment, crime: Mat.27:37, Mrk.15:26, Jhn.18:38 19:4,6, Act.13:28 23:28 28:18. † SYN.: ἔλεγχος, a charge, whether moral or judicial, which has been proven, αἰ. is an accusation simply, false or true. (AS)
20 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →GREEK · G1067
geenna — hell: Gehenna
γέεννα (γέενα, Mrk.9:45, Rec.), -ης, ἡ (perh. through Aram. גֵּיהִנָּם, from Heb. גֵּי הִנֹּם, Neh.11:30; גֵּי בֶּן־הִנֹּם, Jhn.18:16; גֵּי בּנֵי־הִנֹּם, 4Ki.23:10; valley of (the son, sons of) lamentation); [in LXX the nearest approach to γ. is γαίεννα, Jos.18:16 (Γαὶ Ὀννόμ, A), elsewhere φάραγξ Ὀνόμ (Jos.15:8, al.), V. Swete on Mrk.9:43 ;] Gehenna, a valley W. and S. of Jerusalem, which as the site of fire-worship from the time of Ahaz, was desecrated by Josiah and became a dumping-place for the offal of the city. Later, the name was used as a symbol of the place of future punishment, as in NT: Mat.5:29, ; 10:28, Mrk.9:43, 45 47, Luk.12:5, Jas.3:6; γ. τ. πυρός, Mat.5:22 18:19, prob. with ref. to fires of Moloch (DB, ii, 119b); υἱὸς γεέννης, Mat.23:15; κρίσις γεέννης, 23:33.† (AS)
12 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →GREEK · G1980
episkeptomai — to visit/care for
ἐπι-σκέπτομαι (late form of ἐπισκοπέω, which see), [in LXX very freq., chiefly for פָּקַד ;] 1. to inspect, examine. 2. (a) to visit: with accusative, Act.7:23 15:36 (cf. Jdg.15:1); especially, the sick and afflicted (as in MGr. and sometimes in cl.), Mat.25:36, 43, Jas.1:27 (cf. Sir.7:35); (b) in LXX and NT (as פָּקַד in Gen.21:1, Exo.4:31, Psa.8:5, al.), to visit with help, to care for: Luk.1:68, 78 7:16, Act.15:14, Heb.2:6; (with) to visit with punishment (Jer.9:25, Psa.89:33, al.; cf. MM, Exp., xiv; Cremer, 863).† (AS)
11 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →GREEK · G1777
enochos — liable for
ἔνοχος, -ον (= ἐνεχόμενος), (in LXX for רָשַׁע hi., etc. ;] 1. held in, bound by: with genitive (cl. with dative), δουλείας, Heb.2:15. 2. In law-phrases (a) liable to a charge or action (cl. with dative, of crime): with dative, of the tribunal (MM, Exp., xiii), Mat.5:21-22; before εἰς (Field, Notes, 4 f.), Mat.5:22 (b) with genitive, of the punishment (Gen.26:11): θανάτου, Mat.26:66, Mrk.14:64; (with) with genitive (cl. with dative„ rarely with prep.; MM, Exp., xiii), of the crime (2Ma.13:6): Mrk.3:29; (d) with genitive, of the thing injured, guilty (absol., in Cl.): 1Co.11:27, Jas.2:10 (cf. Isa.54:17; DB, ii, 268a).† (AS)
8 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H5356
niq.qa.von — innocence
1) innocency 1a) freedom from guilt, innocency 1b) freedom from punishment 1c) cleanness of teeth (physical sense)
5 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H4115
mah.pe.khet — stocks
1) stocks 1a) similar instrument of punishment (compelling crooked posture or distorting) 1b) house of stocks, prison-house
4 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →GREEK · G1349
dikē — condemnation
δίκη, -ης, ἡ [in LXX for נָקָם, רִיב, etc. ;] 1. custom. 2. right. 3. a judicial hearing; hence its result, the execution of a sentence, punishment: δ. τίνειν, 2Th.1:9; δ. υπεχειν, Ju 7. 4. Personified (cf. Lat. Justitia), justice, vengeance: Act.28:4.† (AS)
3 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →The New Testament lays down the general principles of good government, but contains no code of laws for the punishment of offenders. Punishment proceeds on the principle that there is an eternal distinction between right and wrong, and that this distinction must be maintained for its own sake. It is not primarily intended for the reformation of criminals, nor for the purpose of deterring others from sin. These results may be gained, but crime in itself demands punishment. (See MURDER; THEFT.) Endless, of the impenitent and unbelieving. The rejection of this doctrine “cuts the ground from under the gospel...blots out the attribute of retributive justice; transmutes sin into misfortune instead of guilt; turns all suffering into chastisement; converts the piacular work of Christ into moral influence...The attempt to retain the evangelical theology in connection with it is futile” (Shedd).
Source: Easton’s Bible Dictionary (1897). Historical dictionary wording reflects the scholarship and language of its era.
