BIBLE DICTIONARY + WORD STUDY
How to read this: there is rarely one magic “true meaning” hidden behind an English word. A lexicon records a word’s semantic range. The intended meaning is narrowed by grammar, sentence, author, historical usage and context.
GREEK · G4973
sphragis — seal
σφραγίς, -ῖδος, ἡ [in LXX: Exo.28:11, al. (חוֹתָם) Exo.35:22 (חָח), Sir.17:22, al. ;] 1. a seal, signet: Rev.7:2. 2. The impression of a seal or signet, a seal (on its various purposes, see: σφραγίζω): on a book or roll, Rev.5:1-2, 5 5:9 6:1, 3 6:5, 7 6:9, 12 8:1; metaphorically, Rom.4:11, 1Co.9:2, 2Ti.2:19, Rev.9:4.† (AS)
16 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H6667
tsid.qiy.yah — Zedekiah
A man living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ki.22.11; son of: Chenaanah (H3668) § Zedekiah = "Jehovah is righteous" 1) the last king of Judah renamed from 'Mattaniah' by Nebuchadnezzar; son of Josiah by wife Hamutal; placed on the throne by Nebuchadnezzar when he carried his nephew Jehoiakim in captivity 2) false prophet at the court of king Ahab of the northern kingdom of Israel 3) son of Maaseiah, a false prophet in Babylon 4) son of Hananiah, one of the princes of Judah in the time of Jeremiah 5) a priest who sealed the covenant with Nehemiah 6) son of king Jehoiakim of Judah
62 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H5838
a.zar.yah — Azariah
A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ki.4.2; son of: Ahimaaz (H0290H); father of: Johanan (H3110J) § Azariah = "Jehovah has helped" 1) son of king Amaziah of Judah and king of Judah himself for 52 years; also 'Uzziah' 2) the godly friend of Daniel who Nebuchadnezzar renamed Abednego; one of the three friends who with Daniel refused to make themselves unclean by eating food from the king's table which went against the dietary laws which God had given the Jews; also one of the three who were thrown into the fiery furnace for refusing to bow down to a graven image of Nebuchadnezzar and who were saved by the angel of the Lord 2a) also, 'Abednego' (H5664 or H5665) 3) son of Nathan and an officer of Solomon; perhaps David's grandson and Solomon's nephew 4) a prophet in the days of king Asa of Judah 5) son of king Jehoshaphat of Judah and brother to 5 6) another son of king Jehoshaphat of Judah and brother to 4 7) a priest, son of Ahimaaz, grandson of Zadok and high priest in the reign of king Solomon 8) the high priest in the reign of king Uzziah of Judah 9) a priest who sealed the covenant with Nehemiah; probably same as 18 10) a Kohathite Levite, father of Joel in the reign of king Hezekiah of Judah 11) a Merarite Levite, son of Jehalelel in the reign of king Hezekiah of Judah 12) a Kohathite Levite, son of Zephaniah and ancestor of Samuel the prophet 13) a Levite who helped Ezra in instructing the people in the law 14) son of Jeroham and one of the temple captains of Judah in the time of queen Athaliah; probably the same as 21 15) son of Maaseiah who repaired part of the wall of Jerusalem in the time of Nehemiah 16) one of the leaders who returned from Babylon with Zerubbabel 17) a man who assisted in the dedication of the wall of Jerusalem in the time of Nehemiah; probably the same as 10 18) son of Johanan, one of the captains of Ephraim in the reign of king Ahaz of Judah 19) a Judaite, son of Ethan of the sons of Zerah 20) a Judaite, son of Jehu of the family of the Jerahmeelites and descended from Jarha the Egyptian slave of Sheshan; probably one of the captains of the time of queen Athaliah and the same as 15 21) a priest, son of Hilkiah 22) a priest, son of Johanan 23) son of king Jehoram of Judah; probably clerical error for 'Ahaziah' 24) son of Meraioth 25) son of Hoshaiah and one of the proud men who confronted Jeremiah
45 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H8098
she.ma.yah — Shemaiah
A prophet living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ki.12.22 § Shemaiah = "heard by Jehovah" 1) a prophet of the Lord in the reign of king Rehoboam of Judah 2) the Nehelamite, a false prophet in the time of the prophet Jeremiah 3) father of Delaiah, one of the princes of Judah in the time of the prophet Jeremiah 4) an inhabitant of Kirjathjearim and father of Urijah, a prophet of the Lord in the time of the prophet Jeremiah 5) a Judaite, son of Shechaniah, father of Hattush, and descendant of Zerubbabel 6) a Simeonite, father of Shimri 7) a Reubenite, son of Joel and father of Gog 8) a Merarite Levite, son of Hasshub in the time of Nehemiah 9) a Levite, son of Galal and father of Obadiah 10) a Levite and head of the family of the sons of Elizaphan who were commissioned to bring the ark to Jerusalem in the time of David 11) a Levite and scribe, son of Nethaneel in the time of David 12) a Levite, 1st son of Obed-Edom in the time of David 13) a Levite, descendant of Jeduthun the singer in the time of king Hezekiah of Judah 14) a Levite, one of the messengers of Ezra to Iddo 15) a Levite in the time of king Jehoshaphat of Judah 16) a Levite, one of several in charge of distributing the free will offerings brought to God to their Levite brethren in the time of king Hezekiah of Judah 17) a Levite in the time of king Josiah of Judah 18) head of a family of exiles who returned with Ezra 19) a priest, of the sons of Harim who had a foreign wife in the time of Ezra 20) an Israelite of the sons of Harim who had a foreign wife in the time of Ezra 21) son of Delaiah, grandson of Mehetabeel, and a false prophet hired by Tobiah and Sanballat to give false guidance to Nehemiah 22) a priest who sealed the covenant with Nehemiah and participated in the dedication of the wall 23) a priest who returned from exile with Zerubbabel 24) a leader of the people at the dedication of the wall of Jerusalem in the time of Nehemiah 25) grandfather of the priest Zechariah who participated in the dedication of the wall in the time of Nehemiah 26) another of the priests who along with 25 took part in the dedication of the wall in the time of Nehemiah
39 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H4918
me.shul.lam — Meshullam
A man living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 2Ki.22.3; father of: Azaliah (H0683) § Meshullam = "friend" 1) grandfather of Shaphan, the scribe 2) son of Zerubbabel 3) a Benjamite of the sons of Elpaal 4) a Benjamite, father of Sallu 5) a Benjamite who lived at Jerusalem after the captivity 6) a Benjamite 6a) perhaps the same as 3 or 4 7) a Gadite in the reign of king Jotham of Judah 8) son of Berechiah who assisted in rebuilding the wall of Jerusalem 9) son of Besodeiah who assisted Jehoiada the son of Paseah in restoring the old gate of Jerusalem 10) a chief of the people who sealed the covenant with Nehemiah 11) father of Hilkiah and high priest probably in the reign of king Amon of Judah 11a) perhaps the same as 'Shallum' 12) a priest, son of Meshillemith or Meshillemoth, son of Immer, and ancestor of Maasiai or Amashai 13) a priest or family of priests who sealed the covenant with Nehemiah 14) a priest, head of the family of Ginnethon and representative of the house of Ezra in the days of Joiakim, the son of Jeshua 15) a priest, one of the princes of Judah at the dedication of the wall of Jerusalem 16) a Kohathite or family of Kohathite Levites in the reign of Josiah 17) a Levite, one of the heads sent to Iddo to gather the Levites to join the caravan about to return to Jerusalem; a chief man who assisted Ezra in abolishing the marriages which some of the people had made with foreign wives 18) ancestor of a family of porters or Levites in days of Nehemiah 19) a descendant of Bani who had a foreign wife and put her away 20) one of the men who stood at the left hand of Ezra when he read the law to the people 20a) maybe the same as 17
25 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H1840
da.niy.yel — Daniel
A prophet living at the time of Exile and Return, first mentioned at Ezk.14.14; also called Belteshazzar at Dan.1.7; 2.26; 4.8,9,18,19; 5.12; 10.1; § Daniel = "God is my judge" 1) the 2nd son of David, by Abigail the Carmelitess 2) the 4th of the greater prophets, taken as hostage in the first deportation to Babylon, because of the gift of God of the interpretation of dreams, he became the 2nd in command of the Babylon empire and lasted through the end of the Babylonian empire and into the Persian empire. His prophecies are the key to the understanding of end time events. Noted for his purity and holiness by contemporary prophet, Ezekiel 2a) also, 'Belteshazzar' (H1095 or H1096) 3) a priest of the line of Ithamar who sealed the covenant with Nehemiah
23 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H2856
cha.tam — to seal
1) to seal, seal up, affix a seal 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to seal, affix one's seal 1a2) to seal up, fasten up by sealing 1b) (Niphal) to seal 1c) (Piel) to lock up 1d) (Hiphil) to be stopped Aramaic equivalent: cha.tam (חֲתַם "to seal" H2857)
23 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H5662
o.vad.yah — Obadiah
A man living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ki.18.3 § Obadiah = "servant of Jehovah" 1) the 4th of the 12 minor prophets; nothing personal is known of him but it is probable that he was contemporary with Jeremiah, Ezekiel, and Daniel 1a) the prophetic book by him; prophesies against Edom 2) father of Ishmaiah, one of the chiefs of Zebulun in the time of David 3) a Merarite Levite overseer of the work of restoring the temple in the time of king Josiah of Judah 4) chief of the household of king Ahab of Israel; an devout worshipper of Jehovah who at risk to his own life hid over 100 prophets during the persecution of Jezebel 5) a descendant of David 6) a chief of the tribe of Issachar 7) a Benjamite, one of the 6 sons of Azel and a descendant of king Saul 8) a Levite, son of Shemaiah and a descendant of Jeduthun 9) a Gadite chief, the 2nd of the lion-faced Gadites who joined David at Ziklag 10) a prince of Judah in the time of king Jehoshaphat of Judah 11) a priest, son of Jehiel of the sons of Joab who returned from exile with Ezra 12) a gatekeeper in the time of Nehemiah 13) one of the men who sealed the covenant with Nehemiah 13a) perhaps the same as 12
19 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H8304
se.ra.yah — Seraiah
A man living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 2Sa.8.17; father of: Elihoreph (H0456) and Ahijah (H0281); also called Shavsha at 1Ch.18.16; Sheva(Ketiv: Sheya) at 2Sa.20.25; Shisha at 1Ki.4.3; § Seraiah = "Jehovah is ruler" 1) the scribe or secretary of David 2) son of Azariah, father of Jehozadak, and the chief priest in the reign of king Zedekiah of Judah and at the time of the capture of Jerusalem 3) son of Tanhumeth the Netophathite and one of the men who went to Gedaliah, the governor over Judah appointed by Nebuchadnezzar, and gave their oath to serve the king of Babylon 4) a Judaite, son of Kenaz, brother of Othniel, and father of Joab 5) a Simeonite, father of Josibiah and grandfather of Jehu 6) a people of the province who returned from exile with Zerubbabel 6a) maybe the same as 10 7) son of Azariah and father of Ezra the priest and scribe 8) a priest who sealed the covenant with Nehemiah 9) a priest, son of Hilkiah in the time of Nehemiah 10) a priest or Levite who returned from exile with Zerubbabel 10a) probably a priest and the head of a family of priests after the exile. Maybe same as 6 11) son of Meraiah and messenger sent by the prophet Jeremiah to Babylon with a book of his writings 12) son of Azriel and one of the 3 men commanded by king Jehoiakim of Judah to seize Jeremiah and Baruch
18 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H1954
ho.she.a — Hoshea
A king of the Kingdom of Israel, living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 2Ki.15.30; son of: Elah (H0425I) § Hosea or Hoshea or Oshea = "salvation" 1) family name of Joshua, the son of Nun 2) the 19th and last king of the northern kingdom of Israel 3) son of Beeri, and the first of the minor prophets; prophet to the northern kingdom of Israel in the reign of Jeroboam II 4) a son of Azaziah, a chief of Ephraim in the time of David 5) an Israelite chief who sealed the covenant with Nehemiah
15 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H2811
cha.shav.yah — Hashabiah
A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.6.45; son of: Amaziah (H0558I); father of: Malluch (H4409) § Hashabiah = "Jehovah has considered" 1) a Merarite Levite 2) the 4th of the 6 sons of Jeduthun who had charge of the 12th course 3) one of the descendants of Hebron the son of Kohath 4) the son of Kemuel, who was prince of the tribe of Levi in the time of David 5) a Levite, one of the chiefs of his tribe who officiated for Josiah at his great passover feast 6) a Merarite Levite, one of the chief priests who accompanied Ezra from Babylon; ruler of half the circuit of Keilah and one who repaired a portion of the wall of Jerusalem under Nehemiah. He sealed the covenant of reformation after the return from captivity 7) a Levite, son of Bunni in the time of Nehemiah 8) a Levite, son of Mattaniah in the time of Nehemiah 9) a priest of the family of Hilkiah in the days of Joiakim, son of Jeshua
15 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H4441
mal.kiy.yah — Malchijah
A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.6.40; son of: Jeatherai (H2979); father of: Baaseiah (H1202) § Malchijah or Malchiah or Melchiah = "my king is Jehovah" 1) the father of Pashur in the time of Jeremiah 2) the son of Hammelech into whose dungeon Jeremiah was cast 3) the head of the 5th course of priests in the time of David 4) one of the priests who was at the reading of the law by Ezra, sealed the covenant with Nehemiah, and was at the dedication of the wall with Nehemiah 5) a Levite ancestor of Asaph and descendant of Levi through Gershon 6) son of Parosh who put away a foreign wife in the time of Ezra 7) son of Harim who put away a foreign wife and helped repair the wall and the Tower of Ovens in the time of Ezra and Nehemiah 8) son of Rechab, leader of the district of Beth Haccerem, who helped repair the Refuse Gate in the time of Nehemiah 9) a goldsmith who helped repair the wall in the time of Nehemiah
15 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →GREEK · G4972
sphragizō — to seal
σφραγίζω [in LXX chiefly for חָתַם (Deu.32:34, al.), also for סָתַם (Da TH Dan.8:26) ;] to seal, (a) for security: Mat.27:66, Rev.20:3; τ. καρπὸν τοῦτον, figuratively (cf. Deiss., BS, 238 f.; MM, xxiv; DB, iv, 427a), Rom.15:28; (b) for concealment, hence, metaphorically, to hide (Da TH Dan.9:24, Jhn.14:17): Rev.10:4 22:10; (with) for distinction, Rev.7:3-8; metaphorically, Eph.4:30; mid., 2Co.1:22; (d) for authentication (Est.8:8): Jhn.3:33 6:27 (cf. κατα-σφραγίζω).† (AS)
14 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H2368
cho.tam — signet
seal, signet, signet-ring
13 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H2605
cha.nan — Hanan
A man of the tribe of Benjamin living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.8.23; son of: Shashak (H8349); brother of: Ishpan (H3473), Eber (H5677J), Eliel (H0447I), Abdon (H5658I), Zichri (H2147I), Hananiah (H2608O), Elam (H5867), Anthothijah (H6070), Iphdeiah (H3301) and Penuel (H6439I) § Canan or Hanan = "he is merciful" 1) one of the chief people of the tribe of Benjamin 2) last of the 6 sons of Azel, a descendant of Saul 3) son of Maachah, one of David's mighty warriors 4) father of some sons who returned from exile with Zerubbabel 5) one of the Levites who assisted Ezra in his public exposition of the law 6) one of the heads of the people who also sealed the covenant with Nehemiah 7) another of the chief laymen who also sealed the covenant with Nehemiah 8) son of Zaccur, grandson of Mattaniah whom Nehemiah made one of the storekeepers of the provisions collected as tithes. Same as 5 ? 9) son of Igdaliah
12 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H7348
re.chum — Rehum
A man living at the time of Exile and Return, first mentioned at Ezr.2.2; also called Harim at Neh.10.5; 12.15; Nehum at Neh.7.7; § Rehum = "compassion" 1) an man who returned from exile with Zerubbabel 1a) also 'Nehum' 2) a Levite of the family of Bani who assisted in rebuilding the walls of Jerusalem 3) one of the chiefs of the people who sealed the covenant with Nehemiah 4) a priest who returned from exile with Zerubbabel
8 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H8274
she.re.ve.yah — Sherebiah
A man living at the time of Exile and Return, first mentioned at Ezr.8.18 § Sherebiah = "Jehovah has scorched" a Levite who assisted Ezra at the reading of the Law and who sealed the covenant with Nehemiah
8 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H7645
she.van.yah — Shebaniah
A man living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.15.24 § Shebaniah = "increased by Jehovah" 1) a Levite who sealed the covenant with Nehemiah 2) a priest who sealed the covenant with Nehemiah 3) a 2nd Levite who sealed the covenant with Nehemiah 4) a priest appointed by David to blow with the trumpets before the ark of God
7 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H2815
chash.shuv — Hasshub
A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Exile and Return, first mentioned at 1Ch.9.14; son of: Azrikam (H5840I); father of: Shemaiah (H8098E) § Hashub = "considerate" 1) a Merarite Levite chief, son of Azrikam 2) a son of Pahath-moab who assisted in the repair of the wall of Jerusalem 3) a man who assisted in the repair of the wall of Jerusalem; may be same as 2 above 4) one of the heads of the people who sealed the covenant with Nehemiah
5 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H5803
az.gad — Azgad
A man living at the time of Exile and Return, first mentioned at Ezr.2.12 § Azgad = "Gad is mighty" 1) ancestor of a family of laymen who returned from exile with Zerubbabel 2) a man who sealed the covenant with Nehemiah
4 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H3037
yad.du.a — Jaddua
A man living at the time of Exile and Return, only mentioned at Neh.10.21 § Jaddua = "knowing" 1) one of the chiefs of the people who sealed the covenant with Nehemiah 2) son and successor in the high priesthood of Jonathan, Jeshua, or Johanan; the last of the high priests mentioned in the OT, probably living in the time of Alexander the Great
3 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H4898
me.she.zav.el — Meshezabel
A man living at the time of Exile and Return, only mentioned at Neh.3.4; father of: Berechiah (H1296K) § Meshezabeel = "God delivers" 1) ancestor of Meshullam who assisted Nehemiah in rebuilding the wall of Jerusalem 1a) perhaps the same as 2 and 3 2) a head of the people who sealed the covenant with Nehemiah 2a) perhaps the same as 1 and 3 3) father of Pethahiah and descendant of Zerah the son of Judah 3a) perhaps the same as 1 and 2
3 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H6410
pe.lat.yah — Pelatiah
A man of the tribe of Judah living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.3.21; son of: Hananiah (H2608L); brother of: Jeshaiah (H3470B), Rephaiah (H7509), Arnan (H0770), Obadiah (H5662H) and Shecaniah (H7935) § Pelatiah = "Jehovah delivers" 1) son of Hananiah and grandson of Zerubbabel 2) a Simeonite in the days of king Hezekiah of Judah who was one of the captains of 500 men who defeated the Amalekites who had escaped 3) one of the heads of the people who sealed the covenant with Nehemiah 4) son of Benaiah and one of the princes of the people against whom Ezekiel was ordered to prophesy doom
3 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H6411
pe.la.yah — Pelaiah
A man living at the time of Exile and Return, first mentioned at Neh.8.7 § Pelaiah = "Jehovah does wonders" 1) son of Elioenai and a descendant of David in the royal line 2) a priest who helped Ezra to expound the law to the people and also sealed the covenant with Nehemiah
3 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →Commonly a ring engraved with some device (Gen. 38:18, 25). Jezebel “wrote letters in Ahab’s name, and sealed them with his seal” (1 Kings 21:8). Seals are frequently mentioned in Jewish history (Deut. 32:34; Neh. 9:38; 10:1; Esther 3:12; Cant. 8:6; Isa. 8:16; Jer. 22:24; 32:44, etc.). Sealing a document was equivalent to the signature of the owner of the seal. “The use of a signet-ring by the monarch has recently received a remarkable illustration by the discovery of an impression of such a signet on fine clay at Koyunjik, the site of the ancient Nineveh. This seal appears to have been impressed from the bezel of a metallic finger-ring. It is an oval, 2 inches in length by 1 inch wide, and bears the image, name, and titles of the Egyptian king Sabaco” (Rawlinson’s Hist. Illus. of the O.T., p. 46). The actual signet-rings of two Egyptian kings (Cheops and Horus) have been discovered. (See SIGNET.) The use of seals is mentioned in the New Testament only in connection with the record of our Lord’s burial (Matt. 27:66). The tomb was sealed by the Pharisees and chief priests for the purpose of making sure that the disciples would not come and steal the body away (ver. 63, 64). The mode of doing this was probably by stretching a cord across the stone and sealing it at both ends with sealing-clay. When God is said to have sealed the Redeemer, the meaning is, that he has attested his divine mission (John 6:27). Circumcision is a seal, an attestation of the covenant (Rom. 4:11). Believers are sealed with the Spirit, as God’s mark put upon them (Eph. 1:13; 4:30). Converts are by Paul styled the seal of his apostleship, i.e., they are its attestation (1 Cor. 9:2). Seals and sealing are frequently mentioned in the book of Revelation (5:1; 6:1; 7:3; 10:4; 22:10).
Source: Easton’s Bible Dictionary (1897). Historical dictionary wording reflects the scholarship and language of its era.
