PATRISTIC AND MEDIEVAL MARVELS 255
Thaumaturgus. . . ." When Gregory of Nazianzus describes Athanasius as setting forth in this book "lv ir\i,afiari of a narrative, the laws of the monastic life" {Oration XXI, 5, Post-Nicene Fathers, p. 270), does he not really suggest that it is fiction, in part at least? Trede discusses in a similar spirit Jerome's Lives of Paul and Hil- arion. On the Vita Pauli, see Weingarten, PRE1, X, 760, and Griitzmacher PRE?, XIII, 217. The reality of Paul's existence is defended by Butler, The Lausiac History, I, 231, and Workman, The Evolution of the Monastic Ideal, 1913, p. 96, both of whom de- fend also the historicity of the Life of Antony, I, 178 and 354 re- spectively. The Lausiac History is interpreted as a mere romance also by Lucius and Amelineau, but defended as history by Butler, I, 257 ff. There is a good brief statement of Athanasius's relation to miracle-working in the Vita Antonii and elsewhere, in A. Robert- son's preface to the English translation of the Vita Antonii printed in the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, II, n, p. 192.
59. ■ Das Monchthum, seine Ideale und seine Geschichte,1 1881, p. 21; ed. 3, 1886, p. 27; cf. G. Griitzmacher, Hieronymus, I, p. 162.
60. Op. cit., pp. 1 f.
61. See Acts of Peter and Andrew, in the Ante-Nicene Fathers, Am. ed., vol. VIII, p. 527: "Peter says to him: One thing I say unto thee: it is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle, than for a rich man to go into the kingdom of heaven. When Onesiphorus heard this, he was still more filled with rage and anger, . . . saying, ... If thou wilt show me this miracle, I will believe in thy God, . . . but if not thou shalt be grievously pun- ished. . . . The Saviour appeared . . . and he says to them, Be courageous and tremble not, my chosen disciples, for I am with you always: let the needle and camel be brought. . . . And there was a certain merchant in the city, who had believed in the Lord, . . . and, ... he ran and searched for a needle with a big eye, to do a favour to the Apostles. When Peter learned this, he said, My son, do not search for a big needle, for nothing is impossible with God: rather bring us a small needle. And after the needle had been brought . . . Peter looked up and saw a camel coming. . . . Then he fixed the needle in the ground, and cried out with a loud voice, saying, In the name of Jesus Christ, who was cruci- fied under Pontius Pilate, I order thee, 0 camel, to go through the eye of the needle. Then the eye of the needle was opened like a gate, and the camel went through it, and all the multitude saw it. And Peter says to the camel: Go again through the needle. And the camel went through the second time." Even this is not enough. Onesiphorus now provides a needle and a camel of his own, and
256 NOTES TO LECTURE II
sets a woman on the camel — and the same thing is done. Is not the conception here, mere magic?
62. The Ancient Catholic Church, 1902, pp. 302 f.
63. Casarius von Ar elate, 1894, p. 165.
64. P. 166, note 545 (see Migne, Pat. Lat., XXXIX, 2257, 3).
65. E. T., pp. S3 f- His reference is Cesar of Heisterbach, Dialogus miraculorum (Strange's ed., Cologne, 1851, 2 vols., 8vo; vol. II, pp. 255 and 125).
66. Sabatier, op. cit., p. 192. His references are: Egbert von Schonau's Contra Catharos, Serm. I, cap. 2 (Migne, Pat. Lat., vol. CXCV), cf. Heisterbach, loc. cit., 5 : 18; Luc de Tuy's De altera Vita, lib. 2 : 9; 3 : 9, 18 (Migne, Pat. Lat., vol. CCVIII).
67. Inquisit. in verit. Miraculor. F. de Paris, sec. 1, as cited by Newman, op. cit., p. 90, note 1. On the Jansenist miracles cf. the excellent criticism of A. Tholuck, Vermischte Schriften, 1839, I, pp. 133-148; he mentions the chief sources of information, among which cf. especially Carre de Montgeron, La Verite des Miracles Opcres par I Intercession de M. de Paris et Autres Appelans, Cologne, 1747, with the comments on it by J. M. Charcot in The New Re- view, January, 1893, vol. VIII, pp. 25 ff., and the comment on Charcot's use of this book by G. Bertrin, Lourdes, E. T., 1908, pp. 138 ff. On the use made of these miracles by Hume, see James Orr, Hume, p. 215, who refers us for the real facts to Campbell and Leland.
68. Cf. Middleton, as cited, I, p. 357; Newman, as cited, p. 45; Hastings's Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics, vol. VII, p. 480.